Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae)
Author
Lin, Shou-Wang
Author
Lopardo, Lara
Author
Uhl, Gabriele
text
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2022
2021-11-20
195
417
584
journal article
115951
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab033
75b10efe-a17d-4d10-b46e-094c6a7ebf01
0024-4082
6967774
BE2B3859-8F6A-4543-8A69-91840F82377B
EMERTONGONE MONTIFERA (
EMERTON, 1882
)
COMB.
NOV.
(
FIGS 7A
,
66
,
67C
,
68C; SUPPORTING
INFORMATION,
FIG. S5B
)
Lophocarenum montiferum
Emerton, 1882: 47
, pl. 13, fig. 2 (Dmf).
Gongylidium montiferum
Simon, 1884: 500
.
Figure 66.
Emertongone
montifera
(
Emerton, 1882
)
. A–D, male left palp. A, retrolateral view. B, prolateral view. C, ventral view. D, expanded, retrolateral view. E–G, epigyne. E, ventral view. F, dorsal view. G, external morphology. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
Erigone montifera
Marx, 1890: 535
.
Neriene montifera
Simon, 1894: 633
.
Oedothorax montiferus
Crosby, 1905: 312
, 335.
Diplocephalus montiferus
Banks, 1916: 73
.
Oedothorax montiferus
Bishop &
Crosby, 1935: 266
, pl. 22, figs 74–78 (mf).
Oedothorax montiferus
Kaston, 1948: 173
, figs 486– 492 (mf).
Figure 67.
Male chelicerae, stridulatory striae on lateral side. A,
Jilinus hulongensis
(
Zhu & Wen, 1980
)
. B,
Cornitibia simplicithorax
(Tanasevitch, 1998)
. C,
Emertongone
montifera
(
Emerton, 1882
)
. D, ‘
Oedothorax
’
paracymbialis
Tanasevitch, 2015
. E, ‘
Oe.
’
kodaikanal
Tanasevitch, 2015
. F, ‘
Oe.
’
cunur
Tanasevitch, 2015
. G, ‘
Oe.
’
stylus
Tanasevitch, 2015
. H,
Atypena cirrifrons
(
Heimer, 1984
)
. I,
A
.
formosana
(
Oi, 1977
)
. J, ‘
Oe.
’
nazareti
Scharff, 1989
. K,
Gongylidium rufipes
(Linnaeus, 1758)
. L,
Ummeliata insecticeps
(
Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
)
. M,
U. esyunini
(
Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003
)
. N,
Hylyphantes graminicola
(Sundevall, 1830)
. O,
Tmeticus tolli
Kulczyński, 1908
. Scale bars 0.05 mm.
Oedothorax montifer
Paquin & Dupérré, 2003: 115
, figs 1186–1189 (mf).
Type
material:
Not
designated.
Type
locality: Brookline and Salem, Mass. (Bishop &
Crosby 1935
). The clear illustrations of the male prosomal and palpal structures and epigyne in the original description allow the unambiguous identification of this species.
Examined material:
USA
:
Pennsylvania
, Lower Friederick Township (
40°16’ N
,
75°30’ W
),
4♂
3♀
iii.1954
, Wilton Ivie coll. & det;
Massachusetts
, Middlwsex, Peperell,
1♀
24.x.1970
, det. Platnick;
Massachusetts
, Brookline (
42°19’ N
,
71°6’ W
),
1♂
1♀
10.vi.1873
, coll. J. H. Emerton;
Ohio
, Wayne County, Neil McCoy’s Woods, under rotting wood,
2♀
25.iv.1959
, J. A. Beatty.
Description:
Male (
Pennsylvania
):
Total length: 1.70. Prosoma: 0.89 long, 0.67 wide, post-PME region largely elevated, with post-PME groove (
Fig. 7A
). Eyes: AME-AME: 0.02, AME width: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.12, ALE width: 0.06, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.05, PLE-PME: 0.02, PME width: 0.04, PME-PME: 0.31. Clypeus: hirsute. Sternum: 0.48 long, 0.45 wide. Chelicerae: stridulatory striae rows widely and evenly spaced (
Fig. 67C
). Legs: tibia chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1, dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.35, 0.33, 0.33 and 0.49 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.61. Metatarsi I–III with trichobothrium, IV without trichobothrium. Pedipalp: PC base visible from dorsal view, distal seta distally situated, distal clasp small; PT without papillae; TS absent; MSA round; DSA complex (
Fig. 66A
); EM arised from distal part of DSA; R and E fused; E prolaterally spiral, tip retrolateral to DSA; TP, ARP, LER, and VRP absent (
Fig. 66C, D
). Opisthosoma: evenly coloured, dark grey (
Fig. 68C
).
Figure 68.
Male opisthosoma, dorsal view. A,
Jilinus hulongensis
(
Zhu & Wen, 1980
)
. B,
Cornitibia simplicithorax
(Tanasevitch, 1998)
. C,
Emertongone
montifera
(
Emerton, 1882
)
. D, ‘
Oedothorax
’
paracymbialis
Tanasevitch, 2015
. E, ‘
Oe.
’
kodaikanal
Tanasevitch, 2015
. F, ‘
Oe.
’
cunur
Tanasevitch, 2015
. G, ‘
Oe.
’
stylus
Tanasevitch, 2015
. H,
Atypena cirrifrons
(
Heimer, 1984
)
. I,
A
.
formosana
(
Oi, 1977
)
. J, ‘
Oe.
’
nazareti
Scharff, 1989
. K,
Gongylidium rufipes
(Linnaeus, 1758)
. L,
Ummeliata insecticeps
(
Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
)
. M,
U. esyunini
(
Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2003
)
. N,
Hylyphantes graminicola
(Sundevall, 1830)
. O,
Tmeticus tolli
Kulczyński, 1908
. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
Female (
Pennsylvania
):
Total length: 1.70. Prosoma: 0.69 long, 0.65 wide. Eyes: AME-AME: 0.02, AME width: 0.04, AME-ALE: 0.04, ALE width: 0.06, ALE- PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.06, PLE-PME: 0.02, PME width: 0.05, PME-PME: 0.1. Clypeus: hirsute. Sternum: 47 long; 42 wide. Legs: tibia chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1, dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.79, 0.77,
0.71 and 0.82 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.56. Epigyne: dorsal plate extended anteriorly, bordering ventral plate by two lateral slits and an anterior slit, CO at lateral ends of anterior slit (
Fig. 66E–G
). Opisthosoma: evenly coloured, dark grey.
Variation:
The measurements are based on examined material.
Males (
N
= 5, means in parentheses):
Total length 1.70
–
1.89 (1.79). Prosoma: 0.86
–
0.95 (0.89) long, 0.66
–
0.75 (0.68) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.29
–
0.35 (0.32), 0.25
–
0.33 (0.30,
N
= 3), 0.19–0.33 (0.27,
N
= 4) and 0.30
–
0.49 (0.42) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.53
–
0.61 (0.56).
Females (
N
= 7, means in parentheses):
Total length 1.70
–
2.37 (2.09). Prosoma: 0.69
–
0.91 (0.81) long, 0.62
–
0.77 (0.69) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.46
–
0.80 (0.69,
N
= 3), 0.52
–
0.78 (0.66,
N
= 4), 0.44
–
0.71 (0.58,
N
= 4) and 0.57
–
0.82 (0.72,
N
= 4) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.53
–
0.62 (0.57).
Distribution:
USA
.
Habitat:
Maple swamps (
Emerton, 1882
).