A new species of Olixon Cameron, 1887 (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) and new records for the genus in Brazil Author Bulbol, Mayara Medeiros Author Bartholomay, Pedro Reck 0000-0003-3429-6455 pedroreck @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3429 - 6455 pedroreck@gmail.com Author Oliveira, Márcio Luiz De 0000-0002-9060-8815 marciooliveirainpa @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9060 - 8815 marciooliveirainpa@gmail.com Author Somavilla, Alexandre 0000-0002-8174-7418 alexandresomavilla @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8174 - 7418 alexandresomavilla@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2023 2023-05-03 5277 3 573 580 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.9 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.9 1175-5326 7890282 284A98EA-CD03-4129-992B-9FDC580DFDA6 Olixon testaceum Cameron, 1887 ( Figs 3 d, e, f , 4 ) Diagnosis. According to Lohrmann et al. (2012) , within the New World Olixon , this species can be separated by the following character combination: malar space with sulcus from eye to mandible; temple length less than half width of scape; head, meso- and metasoma (except for a dark marking on metasomal segment II) of same color; propodeum with strong, complete carina between posterolateral processes. FIGURE 3. Male genitalia. a, b, c. Olixon pantanensis Bulbol, Bartholomay & Somavilla sp. nov. , a) paramere; b) digitus and cuspis; c) penis valve. d, e, f. Olixon testaceum Cameron, 1887 , d) paramere; e) digitus and cuspis; f) penis valve. Abbreviations. cus—cuspis; dig—digitus; hpv—head of penis valve; pap—preapical process. Genitalia. Paramere ( Fig. 3d ): 1.1× longer than wide; spine of paramere elongated and acute apically, slightly upcurved medially (sickle-shaped). Cuspis and digitus ( Fig. 3e ): linked by the membrane that joins them to the paramere; both with a cylindrical apex, strongly sclerotized and uniting at the tip (similar to tweezers); digitus with punctuation and spit with light dentation, both apically. Penis valve ( Fig. 3f ): elongated and with cylindrical apex; ventral margin smooth, without undulations; sclerotized and sharp preapical process. Distribution. USA , Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , Costa Rica , Panama , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Paraguay , Argentina , Guyana , Suriname , French Guyana and Brazil . FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Olixon testaceum Cameron, 1887 and Olixon pantanensis Bulbol, Bartholomay & Somavilla sp. nov. in Brazil. Material examined. BRASIL : AMAZONAS, Barcelos, Serrinha, 0°25′05′′N 63°23′05′′ W , vii–viii.2007 , Malaise,A.S. Filho & T . Krolow[ 1♀ , INPA ]; Ipixuna, Rio Gregório, Com.Lago Grande, 07°10′11.7′′S 70°49′10.3′′ W , 22.v2011 , 04:00–06:30h, arm Luminosa, dossel, J.A. Rafael, J. T . Câmara, R .F. Silva, A. Somavilla, C. Gonçalves & A.Agudelo [ 1♀ , INPA ]; Manaus, Embrapa, 2013, K. Schoeninger [1♁, INPA ]; Reserva Ducke 26 km NE , 11.x.1978 , Malaise, J. Arias, N. Penny [1♁, INPA ]; Reserva Ducke, Platô Leste-Oeste, 21.vi–06.vii.2007 , Malaise, Feitosa, M., Freitas, G. [ 1♀ , INPA ]; Reserva Ducke, Platô Norte-Sul, 09–20.x.2006 , Malaise, Vidal, J.. Ale Rocha, R . & Freitas, F [ 1♀ , INPA ]; Tefé, 03°25′13′′S 64°37′00 W , J.A. Rafael [2♁, INPA ]; AMAPÁ , Oiapoque, Infraero, 03°52′16′′N 51°48′26.3′′ W , 16.xi.2014 , J.A Rafael & F.F. Xavier [ 1♀ , INPA ]; GOIÁS , Mineiros, PN das Emas, Parcela ata –52.9964093068 –17.9022253779 , 17.xi.2015 –19.xiii.2015, Oliveira, Lopes & Fava [ 1♀ , INPA ]; Mineiros, PN das Emas, Parcela ata –52.9964093068 –17.9022253779 , 21.x–17.xi.2015 , Oliveira, Lopes & Fava [ 1♀ , INPA ]; Mineiros, PN das Emas, Parcela ata –52.9964093068 –17.9022253779 , 25.iv.2016 – 23.v.2016 , Oliveira, Lopes & Fava [ 1♀ , INPA ]; ESPÍRITO SANTO , Laranja da Terra, Joatuba—Faz. Betzel, 280–430, 19°50′25′′S 40°49′40′′ W , 05–12.x.2012 , Malaise B-10, MT . Tavares 0 eq. Col. [ 1♀ , UFES ]; MARANHÃO , 19.ix.1984 , Bandeja branca ponto 12, N. inseto, 1- Hymenoptera [1♁, UFES ]; PARÁ , Coraci 15 km NW , Canindé, Rio Gurupi, iv.1963 , B. Malkin col [ 2♀ , MZUSP ]; RONDÔNIA , Nova Mamoré, P.E. Guajará Mirim, 10°18′58′′S 64°33′10′′ W , xii.2016 , Malaise, A.A. Silva [ 2♀ , INPA ]; RORAIMA , Tepequém, arm Malaise 2, 1–15.iii.2016 [ 1♀ , INPA ] ( Fig. 4 ). Remarks. O. testaceum had a known geographic distribution in Brazil only to Amazonas, Goiás , Maranh„o, Mato Grosso , Rio de Janeiro , and Rondônia . Here, its distribution was extended to Amapá , Espírito Santo , Pará, and Roraima . About the male genitalia, O. testaceum and O. pantanensis sp. nov. with very similar paramere. Updated key for the New Word species of Olixon Cameron, 1887 modified from Lohrmann et al. (2012) 1 Malar space with sulcus from eye to mandible.............................................................. 2 - Malar space without sulcus............................................................................. 5 2 Metasomal tergum I with median sulcus posterior to transverse carina (northern Argentina ).............................................................................................. O. bicolor Roig Alsina & Martínez, 2010 - Metasomal tergum I without median sulcus posterior to transverse carina........................................ 3 3 Temple length about width of scape (southwest USA and Paraguay )....................... O. melinsula Lohrman, 2012 - Temple length less than half width of scape................................................................ 4 4 Propodeum posteromedially without two process between posterolateral process; junction between digitus and cuspis forming a not so wide structure and with few bristles on the membrane that unites them; penis valve narrow, space between head of penis valve and preapical process smooth; color varies from bright stramineous to brown; head, meso- and metasoma (except for darker marking on metasomal segment II) of same colour; (Arizona to northern Argentina ) O. testaceum Cameron, 1887 - Propodeum with two posteromedian process between posterolateral process ( Fig. 2b ); junction between digitus and cuspis large and wide, with bristles all over the membrane that joins both and at the apex of each one; penis valve enlarged, space between head of penis valve and preapical process with a bulging dimple; color dark brown; head, pronotum, propodeum and T1 blackened (midwest Brazil )............................ O. pantanensis Bulbol, Bartholomay & Somavilla sp. nov. 5 Metasoma dark brown to black; transverse carina on metasomal tergum I evenly arched ( Colombia )................................................................................. O. atlanticum Fernández & Sarmiento-M., 2002 - Metasoma brownish; transverse carina on metasomal tergum I forming a narrow posterad angle on midline (southeastern Canada , eastern USA , and northern Mexico )............................................ O. banksii ( Brues, 1922 )