Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini) Author Ochoa, Janine Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (JO) Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (ASBM, PJP) National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Street, Manila 1000, Philippines (ASBM, PJP, MCR, LRH) Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (LRH) Present address of PJP: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia jochoa@up.edu.ph Author Mijares, Armand S. B. Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (JO) Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (ASBM, PJP) National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Street, Manila 1000, Philippines (ASBM, PJP, MCR, LRH) Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (LRH) Present address of PJP: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Author Piper, Philip J. Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (JO) Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (ASBM, PJP) National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Street, Manila 1000, Philippines (ASBM, PJP, MCR, LRH) Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (LRH) Present address of PJP: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Author Reyes, Marian C. Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (JO) Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (ASBM, PJP) National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Street, Manila 1000, Philippines (ASBM, PJP, MCR, LRH) Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (LRH) Present address of PJP: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Author Heaney, Lawrence R. Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (JO) Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines (ASBM, PJP) National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Street, Manila 1000, Philippines (ASBM, PJP, MCR, LRH) Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA (LRH) Present address of PJP: School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia text Journal of Mammalogy 2021 2021-04-23 102 2 1 22 journal article 7166 10.1093/jmammal/gyab023 d1c8718a-3b16-45c7-867d-c8ba4e9ff482 1545-1542 5613298 4E62FB98-7AF2-4CF9-BB90-9B47461E7064 Genus Crateromys Thomas, 1895 Crateromys is represented by one living species on Luzon ( Cr. schadenbergi ) and two additional species in other parts of the oceanic Philippines : Cr. heaneyi from Panay Island, and (possibly) extinct Cr. paulus from Ilin Island (near Mindoro); as noted above, molecular data indicate that Cr. australis from Dinagat Island (near Mindanao) should not be placed as a member of this genus ( Rowsey et al. 2018 ), and we do not include it in our treatment that follows. The cranial traits and features of external appearance of Crateromys species were described by Musser and Gordon (1981), Musser et al. (1985) , Gonzales and Kennedy (1996), and Heaney et al. (2016a) . Crateromys possesses high crowns, chevronate lower molar lophs, and strongly arched upper molar cusps that are separated by deep clefts and ridges ( Figs. 4 and 5 ). As detailed above, this contrasts with the medium crown height and less strongly arched cusps of Carpomys . Crateromys dentition is most similar to that of Batomys , but the members of these two genera on Luzon differ dentally in several respects. Both Crateromys and Batomys have hypsodont molars, but Crateromys has higher crowns than Batomys . Upper molars of Crateromys generally are more angular, whereas Batomys cusps are more rounded in occlusal outline. The angular shape of cusps in Crateromys in part is due to deep clefts that separate lingual and medial cusps of upper molars. In anterocone of M1, t1 and t2 are separated by a deep cleft, and this pattern is repeated for t4/t5 and t7/t 8 in all upper molars ( Fig. 2C ). These deep indentations are absent or less developed in most upper molar lophs in Batomys , with the exception of the posterior lophs (t7 and t8) in M1 and M2. In the Crateromys M1 anterocone, t1 and t3 are typically oriented anteriorly, whereas these cusps are oriented posteriorly in Batomys , producing a concave occlusal outline. Asimilar pattern is observed in the anterior loph of M2, where t4 and t6 are oriented anteriorly in Crateromys and transversely in Batomys . The anterior and posterior lophs of M3 have a more complex occlusal outline in Crateromys , whereas these lophs have a simpler laminar outline in Batomys . In Crateromys , the anterior and posterior lophs of m3 are chevronate and a posterior cingulum is occasionally observed; in Batomys , the anterior loph is not arched and the posterior loph is laminar or oblong in outline. Our assignment of the following new species to Crateromys is based on its possessing this set of characters.