The Cynipoid Genus Paramblynotus: Revision, Phylogeny, And Historical Biogeography (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae) Author Liu, Zhiwei Author Ronquist, Fredrik Author Nordlander, Göran text Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2007 2007-05-17 2007 304 1 151 journal article 10.1206/0003-0090(2007)304[1:tcgprp]2.0.co;2 0003-0090 Paramblynotus nipponensis , new species FEMALE: Length 3.3 mm . Antenna, head, and mesosoma deeply dark brown; metasoma and legs dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly ferruginous. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.68. Antenna 13-segmented; flagellum slightly widened apically. Vertex foveate-reticulate with distinct longitudinally carinate component. Eye prominent and distinctly extended laterally beyond outer margin of gena. Ocellar plate distinctly raised, foveate-reticulate, and defined laterally by carina lined by a row of large foveae along interior side of lateral carina. Median frontal carina simple, only present between antennal sockets, and bifurcated posteriorly to seclude a small, triangular glabrous area beneath anterior ocellus. Upper face longitudinally carinate and foveate laterally; antennal scrobe glabrate, densely punctate, longitudinally carinate posteriorly, deeply depressed, and well defined by carina laterally. Gena foveaterugose anteriorly and horizontally costate posteriorly. Lower face foveate/punctate-reticulate. Anterior tentorial pits distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal sulcus and epistomal sulcus form a rectangle above the median transverse inflexion of clypeus. Clypeus punctate-reticulate. Lateral occipital carina not reaching vertex. Occiput glabrous. Anterior flange of pronotum glabrous; submedian pronotal depressions slightly separated from each other medially. Anterior plate of pronotum mostly glabrous except punctate posteriorly. Pronotum dorsomedially raised, but lower than mesoscutum; pronotal crest not raised medially. Lateral pronotal carina distinct, reaching pronotal crest dorsomedially. Lateral surface of pronotum foveate-reticulate except transversely carinate lateroventrally. Dorsal pronotal area glabrate, present only along anterior half of posterior margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly arched dorsally and transversely costate with distinct foveae set in rows. Scutellar sulcus divided by a median longitudinal carina and two equally strong submedian carinae. Mesoscutellum foveate-reticulate; posterior margin rounded in dorsal view. Axillar area without distinct white pubescence. Mesopleural triangle well defined ventrally by a smoothly curved carina and with sparse white pubescence. Median mesopleural impression percurrent, not transversely costate medially; upper mesopleuron glabrous with sparse setigerous punctures anteriorly; lower mesopleuron glabrous, conspicuously depressed along ventral margin, and sparsely pubescent ventrally. Metepisternum longitudinally costate and devoid of pubescence in upper part, pubescent ventrally. Propodeum areolate-reticulate; lateral propodeal carina percurrent and curved medially; median propodeal area glabrate; median longitudinal carina present only anterior to the submedian transverse carina. Rs+M of forewing arising from middle of basal vein. Marginal cell 3.5 times as long as wide and 1.6 times as long as submarginal cell. Bulla on Sc+R 1 absent. Petiole 0.55 times as long as wide in lateral view. Tergum 8 entirely covered by T7; relative length of T3–7: 2.6:1.0:1.6:4.3:2.1; T3–5 glabrous; T6 finely punctate dorsomedially and otherwise glabrous; T7 mostly densely, finely punctate, with larger setigerous punctures dorsolaterally. Apical teeth of metatibia long, slender, and pointed apically. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.60. MALE: Unknown. Paramblynotus nipponensis , P. punctulatus , and P. isolatus form a species complex that is characterized by ‘‘lacking’’ distinguishing characters; for example, body mostly dark or brown; wings evenly, lightly ferruginous; female antenna 13-segmented. In a word, there is no special modification of any major structures in these species. P. nipponensis differs from P. punctulatus and P. isolatus in (1) lateral propodeal carina anteriorly not raised into an almost triangular process and (2) scutellar sulcus divided by several subequal, longitudinal carinae. It further differs from P. isolatus in (1) antennal scrobes longitudinally carinate posteriorly, (2) gena horizontally costate posteriorly, and (3) mesoscutellum rounded posteriorly in dorsal view. TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE : ♀ , Japan : Ogasawara , Chichishima , Chuosan ( 300 m ), 1980-VIII-15 , J.L. Gressitt ( BPBM ). DISTRIBUTION: Japan : Ogasawara. ETYMOLOGY: This species is named after the type locality. Paramblynotus punctulatus Cameron, 1908 figures 84–92 Paramblynotus punctulatus Cameron (1908: 300 , ♀ ); Borneo; BMNH (2T ♀ , in main coll.). * Allocynips borneensis Weld (1922: 322 , ♀ ); Borneo; USNM (HT ♀ , no. 24 380, 2 PT ♀ ). Combination and synonymy by Weld (1930 b: 137) . * Paramblynotus rufiventris Cameron (1910: 131, ♀ ; Borneo; BMNH (HT ♀ , no. 7.8). Synonymy by Ronquist (1995:37). FEMALE: Length 2.5–4.5 mm . Antenna, head, and mesosoma deeply dark brown; metasoma and legs dark brown. Wings evenly, lightly ferruginous. 1mt/2–5mt 5 0.70. MALE: Unknown. Paramblynotus punctulatus is similar to P. nipponensis and P. isolatus , but it differs from the latter in lateral propodeal carina anteriorly raised into a conspicuous, lamilate process (figs. 88, 89). In addition, lighter individuals of the species can be easily confused with darker individuals of the sympatric species P. ruficeps but can be distinguished from the latter with diagnostic characters listed under P. ruficeps . MATERIAL EXAMINED: 87: AEI 63, BPBM 1, ZMLU-MS 1, CFR 2, NHM 13 (incl. 4T), NNMN 1, ROM 2, USNM 4 (incl. 3T). DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia : Borneo; Malaya; Indonesia : Sulawesi . LECTOTYPE DESIGNATION: We hereby designate a female deposited in NHM as lectotype of P. punctulatus . Labels: ‘‘Cotype’’ (with yellow cycle), ‘‘Kuching, J.H.’’, ‘‘ Paramblynotus punctulatus , Cam. Type, Borneo’’, ‘‘W 29’’, ‘‘P. Cameron Coll. 1914-110’’, and our lectotype and determination label. In addition to the two female types that Ronquist (1995a) examined from the NHM (in main collection), Z.L. found in the NHM one male in the Hymenoptera type collection (B.M. TYPE 7.7.), which bears Cameron’s designation label ‘‘ Paramblynotus punctulatus , Cam. Type Oi’’. This male specimen also bears a round label reading ‘‘Type’’ with an orange cycle. However, the ‘‘Type’’ label is apparently a later addition. In addition, Cameron’s original description was based on female specimen(s). Therefore, the male specimen is unlikely to be ‘‘the type’’ on which Cameron based his description of P. punctulatus . In addition, the male type specimen does not belong to the same species as the two female cotypes. Therefore, of the two female type specimens, the one that bears Cameron’s type label is hereby selected among the three as the lectotype .