Three new enchytraeid species (Enchytraeidae, Annelida) from mountain soils of Korea and ten species new for the country Author Felföldi, Tamás 0000-0003-2009-2478 Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H- 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1 / C, Hungary. tamas. felfoldi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2009 - 2478 tamas.felfoldi@gmail.com Author Dózsa-Farkas, Klára Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H- 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1 / C, Hungary. Author Nagy, Hajnalka 0000-0003-2009-2478 Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H- 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1 / C, Hungary. tamas. felfoldi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2009 - 2478 tamas.felfoldi@gmail.com Author Hong, Yong 0000-0002-1932-4983 Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561 - 756, Korea. geoworm @ hanmail. net; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1932 - 4983 geoworm@hanmail.net text Zootaxa 2020 2020-12-18 4896 1 1 45 journal article 9229 10.11646/zootaxa.4896.1.1 f210f8de-d4d2-4670-b8d8-7b4f0f813049 1175-5326 4358984 BC9F67CA-CCC5-4525-8915-0B2549E17F5F Cognettia koreana sp. n. ( Figures 2A,B , 3 , 4 ) Type material. Holotype : NIBRIV0000860931 , slide No. 2422 , adult, stained, whole mounted specimen. Type locality: Mt. Deogyu , Seolcheon-myon , Muju-gun , Jeollabuk-do , Korea , soil and litter layers, Abies holophylla forest, N 35°51’34.1” , E 127°44’49.1” , 1492 m asl , 21.09.2016 . Paratypes (in total, 13 specimens ): NIBRIV0000860932 , slide No. 2421 from type locality, NIBRIV0000860942 , slide No. 2786 from locality: Mt. Gyebangsan , Nodong-ri , Yongpyeong-myeon , Pyeongchang-gun , Gangwon-do , Korea , soil and litter layers, Quercus mongolica forest, N 37°42’24.78” , E 128°29’09.95” , 804 m asl , 31.10.2017 . P.131.1, slide No. 2294, P.131.2 , slide No. 2304, P.131.3– P.131.6 , slide No. 2407–2410, P.131.7–131.8 , slide No. 2417–2418 , P.131.9–131.11 , slide No. 2420 , 2423–2424 all from type locality . TABLE 2. List of specimens used for molecular taxonomic analyses with collection data and GenBank accession numbers. Sequences determined in this study appear in bold. Paratypes of new species are indicated with P in parentheses. (n. d.= no data)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
[Figure 21]
Cognettia koreana sp. n.	1083	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	soil and litter layers of Abies holophylla forest	this study	MT428039	MT425062	MT433780
Cognettia koreana sp. n	1084	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	soil and litter layers of Abies holophylla forest	this study	MT428040	MT425063	MT433781
Cognettia koreana sp. n	1086	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	soil and litter layers of Abies holophylla forest	this study	-	MT425064	MT433782
Cognettia baekrokdamensis Dózsa- Farkas et al . 2018	988	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of Abies koreana forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018	MG252204	MG252137	MG252178
Cognettia baekrokdamensis	1006	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of Abies koreana forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018	MG252205	MG252139	MG252180
Cognettia chalupskyi Martinsson, Rota & Erséus, 2015a	CE823	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672532	KF672410	KF672493
Cognettia chlorophila Friend, 1913	CE2334	Sweden, Skåne	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672534	KF672412	KF672495
Cognettia cognettii Issel , 1905	CE1042	Sweden, Halland	moist leaf litter and soil of mixed forest, near stream	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672508	GU902044	KF672469
Cognettia glandulosa Michaelsen, 1888	CE2011	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672514	KF672372	KF672475
Cognettia lapponica Nurminen, 1965	CE13849	Sweden, Lappland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672518	KF672380	KF672479
Cognettia lapponica	1209	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil and litter layers	this study	-	MT425065	MT433783
Cognettia lapponica	1210	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil and litter layers	this study	-	MT425066	MT433784
Cognettia lapponica	1219	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil and litter layers	this study	MT428041	MT425067	MT433785
Cognettia pseudosphagnetorum Martinsson, Rota & Erséus, 2015a	CE4023	Sweden, Skåne	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672540	KF672419	KF672501
Cognettia pseudosphagnetorum	CE4055	Sweden, Blekinge	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672542	KF672422	KF672503
Cognettia sphagnetorum Vejdoský, 1878	CE786	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672526	KF672397	KF672486
Cognettia varisetosa Martinsson, Rota & Erséus, 2015b	CE2634	Sweden, Öland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672510	KF672367	KF672471

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
Cognettia varisetosa	1230	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	MT428042	-	MT433786
Stercutus niveus Michaelsen , 1888 (outgroup)	CE841	Sweden, Västergötland	river bank	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672547	GU902112	KF672507
[Figure 22]
Henlea bidiverticulata sp. n.	1201 (P)	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425068	MT433787
Henlea bidiverticulata sp. n.	1264	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	MT428043	MT425069	MT433788
Henlea glandulifera Nurminen, 1970	1190	Hungary, Somogybabod	alder grove	this study	MT428044	MT425070	MT433789
Henlea glandulifera	1207	Hungary, Somogy	alder grove	this study	MT428045	MT425071	MT433790
Henlea glandulifera	CE2629	Sweden, Öland	n. d.	Rota et al . 2018	-	MH382730	-
Henlea groenlandica Černosvitov, 1929	432	Svalbard	tundra	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	-	-	KR872359
Henlea groenlandica	559	Svalbard	tundra	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872386	KR872323	-
Henlea magnaampullacea Dózsa- Farkas, Felföldi & Hong, 2015	658	Korea, Jeonju	soil and litter layers of woodland	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872389	KR872320	KR872357
Henlea magnaampullacea	668	Korea, Dongjin-myeon	soil of a garden, agronomical fields	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	-	KR872321	KR872358
Henlea magnaampullacea	817	Korea, Jeonju	soil and litter layers of woodland	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872390	KR872322	-
Henlea nasuta Eisen, 1878	CE824	Sweden, Västergötland	coastal waters	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson et al . 2017	-	GU902083	KX644883
Henlea nasuta	1170	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	soil and litter layers	this study	MT428046	-	MT433791
Henlea nasuta	1171	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	soil and litter layers	this study	MT428047	-	MT433792
Henlea ochracea Eisen, 1878	253	Alaska, Chena Bridge	taiga	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872380	KR872330	KR872362
Henlea perpusilla Friend, 1911	CE853	Sweden, Västergötland	slope at road	Erséus et al . 2010 , Rota et al . 2018	-	GU902084	MH382738
Henlea similis Nielsen & Chris- tensen, 1959	685	Hungary, Mezőföld	meadow	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872388	KR872331	MT433793

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
Henlea ventriculosa d ’ Udekem, 1854	691	Hungary, Bátorliget	oak gallery forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872387	KR872326	-
Henlea ventriculosa	CE1021	Sweden, Bohuslän	seashore	Erséus et al . 2010 , Klinth et al . 2017	KU894285	GU902085	KU894281
Cognettia lapponica Nurminen, 1965 (outgroup)	CE13849	Sweden, Lappland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672518	KF672380	KF672479
[Figure 23]
Mesenchytraeus longidiverticula- tus sp. n.	1218	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	MT428048	MT425072	-
Mesenchytraeus longidiverticula- tus sp. n.	1311	Korea, Mt. Gwaebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	MT428049	MT425073	MT433794
Mesenchytraeus longidiverticula- tus sp. n.	1416 (P)	Korea, Mt. Gongjaksan	soil and litter layers of Quercus mongolica and mixed forests	this study	MT428050	MT425074	MT433795
Mesenchytraeus antaeus Rota & Brinkhurst, 2000	-	North America, pacific northwestern coast	temperate rainforest	Lang et al . 2017	-	KU728854	-
Mesenchytraeus armatus Levinsen, 1884	CE2056	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672546	KF672423	KF672506
Mesenchytraeus calyx Dózsa-Far- kas, Felföldi & Hong, 2015	828	Korea	soil	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	-	KR872346	KR872364
Mesenchytraeus flavus Levinsen, 1884	CE847	Sweden, Västergötland	soil of mixed deciduous forest	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson & Erséus 2014 , Klinth et al . 2017	KF672545	GU902100	KU894212
Mesenchytraeus cf. gelidus Welch, 1916	-	North America, pacific northwestern coast	transient snow shaded by coniferous trees	Lang et al . 2017	-	KU728855	-
Mesenchytraeus hydrius Welch, 1919	-	North America, pacific northwestern coast	transient snow shaded by coniferous trees	Lang et al . 2017	-	KU728856	-
Mesenchytraeus jungsaihoi Dózsa- Farkas et al . 2018	1126	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil and moss layers of Sorbus alnifolia forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018	MG252226	MG252163	MG252192
Mesenchytraeus jungsaihoi	1149	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of grass	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018	MG252228	MG252165	MG252194
Mesenchytraeus longiductus Chris- tensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 2012	1233	Korea, Mt. Odaesan	soil of Abies holophylla forest	this study	MT428051	MT425075	-

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
Mesenchytraeus cf. pedatus Eisen, 1904	-	North America, pacific northwestern coast	cold mountain streams/ rivers	Lang et al . 2017	-	KU728852	-
Mesenchytraeus pelicensis Nielsen & Christensen, 1959	135	Hungary, Mecsek	decaying bark on tree stump	Cech et al . 2012	JF750415	-	-
Mesenchytraeus pelicensis	CE742	Denmark, East Jutland	alder stand	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson et al . 2017	-	GU902101	KX644884
Mesenchytraeus solifugus Emery, 1898	CE588	USA, Washington	glacier	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902102	-
Mesenchytraeus straminicolus Rota, 1995	CE743	Italy	beech forest	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902103	-
Cernosvitoviella aggtelekiensis Dózsa-Farkas, 1970 (out- group)	925	Hungary, Őrség National Park	Sphagnum mire	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	-	KX985905	KX985916
[Figure 24]
Bryodrilus diverticulatus Černosvi- tov, 1929	1211	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425076	MT433796
Bryodrilus diverticulatus	1220	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil and litter layers	this study	MT428052	MT425077	MT433797
Bryodrilus diverticulatus	1278	Korea, Mt. Odaesan	soil and litter layers	this study	MT428053	MT425078	MT433798
Bryodrilus diverticulatus	11	Svalbard, Kapp Lee	tundra	Dózsa-Farkas et al. 2012	-	JN641203	-
Bryodrilus diverticulatus	CE19814	Norway, Engerdal	n. d.	Martinsson et al. 2017	-	KX618735	-
Bryodrilus ehlersi Ude, 1892	bryehl-bank	Hungary, Mt. Bakony	woodland	Dózsa-Farkas et al. 2012	-	JN641204	-
Bryodrilus ehlersi	1113	Hungary, Kőszeg Mts	alder carr	Nagy et al. 2020	MK108077	MK098314	MK098308
Bryodrilus cf. ehlersi Ude, 1892	1078	Korea, Mt. Deogyu	decaying wood debris, soil	Nagy et al. 2020	MK108075	MK098309	MK098303
Bryodrilus cf. ehlersi	1295	Korea, Mt. Odaesan	decaying wood debris, soil of Abies holophylla forest	Nagy et al. 2020	MK108074	MK098312	MK098306
Bryodrilus hallasanensis Dózsa- Farkas et al . 2018	1018	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of grass	Dózsa-Farkas et al. 2018	MG252201	MG252134	MG252176
Bryodrilus hallasanensis	1130	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of grass	Dózsa-Farkas et al. 2018	MG252203	MG252136	MG252177
Henlea ochracea Eisen, 1878 (out- group)	249	Alaska, Chena Bridge	taiga	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872382	KR872329	KR872361

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
[Figure 25]
Cernosvitoviella atrata Bretscher, 1903	1189	Korea, Muljangori- oreum Wetland	soil	this study	MT428054	MT425079	MT433799
Cernosvitoviella atrata	862	Hungary, Kőszeg Mts	edge of a Sphagnum mire	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	KX985920	KX985902	-
Cernosvitoviella atrata	-	Denmark, Northern Zealand	n. d.	Christensen & Glenner 2010	-	GU453368	-
Cernosvitoviella aggtelekiensis Dózsa-Farkas, 1970	CE839	Sweden, Västergötland	river bank	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672544	GU902040	KF672505
Cernosvitoviella crassoductus Dózsa-Farkas, 1990	448	Hungary, Vámosatya	ash carr	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	KX985923	KX985900	-
Cernosvitoviella farkasi Dózsa- Farkas, Csitári & Felföldi 2017	864	Hungary, Kőszeg Mts	edge of a Sphagnum mire	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	KX985919	KX985907	KX985913
Cernosvitoviella immota Knöllner, 1935	CE895	Sweden, Strömstad	forest soil near shore	Erséus et al . 2010 , Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672543	GU902042	KF672504
Cernosvitoviella minor s.l. Dózsa- Farkas, 1990	1178	Korea, Muljangori- oreum Wetland	soil	this study	-	MT425080	MT433800
Cernosvitoviella minor s.l.	444	Hungary, Vámosatya	ash carr	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	KX985922	KX985897	KX985910
Cernosvitoviella minor s.l.	871	Hungary, Őrség National Park	Sphagnum mire	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	KX985924	KX985908	KX985911
Cernosvitoviella minor s.l.	981	Hungary, Istvánkút	pond shore	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2017	-	KX985909	KX985915
Mesenchytraeus armatus Levinsen, 1884 (outgroup)	CE2056	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson & Erséus 2014	KF672546	KF672423	KF672506
[Figure 26]
Fridericia cusanicaformis Dózsa- Farkas, Felföldi & Hong, 2015	683	Korea, Mt. Cheontae	soil and litter layers of a forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872373	KR872339	-
Fridericia floriformis Dózsa-Far- kas et al . 2019	1088	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	clayey soil, meadow	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2019a	MH128733	MH124586	MH124597
Fridericia floriformis	1136	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	clayey soil, meadow	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2019a	MH128729	MH124589	MH124598
Fridericia granulocyta Dózsa-Far- kas, Felföldi & Hong, 2015	672	Korea, Dongjin-myeon	soil of a garden, agronomical fields	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872378	KR872344	KR872354

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
Fridericia seoraksani Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 2012		679	Korea, Yongin-si	soil under turf (golf course)	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872374	KR872340	KR872356
Fridericia cf. seoraksani	793	Korea, Seolcheon- myeon	soil and litter layers of a mixed forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872371	KR872341	KR872352
Fridericia cf. seoraksani	823	Korea, Seolcheon- myeon	soil and litter layers of a mixed forest	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872372	KR872342	KR872353
Fridericia sohlenii Rota, Healy & Erséus, 1998		928	Hungary, Őrség	Sphagnum mire	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2019c	MK560157	-	MK562743
Fridericia sohlenii	1045	Hungary, Velem	creekside under Salix tree	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2019c	MK560158	MK580966	MK562744
Fridericia cf. sohlenii	1206	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425081	MT433801
Fridericia cf. sohlenii	1232	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425082	MT433802
Fridericia cf. sohlenii	1241	Korea, Mt. Odaesan	soil and litter layers of mixed forest	this study	MT428055	MT425083	MT433803
Fridericia sphaerica Dózsa-Farkas, Felföldi & Hong, 2015		652	Korea, Jeonju	soil and litter layers of woodland	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872367	KR872333	KR872347
Fridericia sphaerica	820	Korea, Jeonju	soil and litter layers of woodland	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2015	KR872370	KR872334	KR872349
Hemifridericia parva Nielsen	&	511a	Hungary, Kiskunság	open sand steppe oak	Dózsa-Farkas & Felföldi	KM591939	KM591923	KM591931
Christensen, 1959 (out- group)		woodlands	2015
[Figure 27]
Marionina argentea Michaelsen, 1889		1193	Korea, Muljangori- oreum Wetland	soil	this study	-	MT425084	MT433804
Marionina argentea	CE807	Sweden, Lerum	near a lake	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902092	-
Marionina clavata Nielsen Christensen, 1961	&	734	Hungary, Kőszeg	larch forest	this study	MT428056	-	-
Marionina clavata	1267	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	oak forest	this study	MT428057	MT425088	MT433805
Marionina clavata	1268	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	oak forest	this study	MT428058	MT425089	MT433806
Marionina clavata	1269	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	oak forest	this study	MT428059	MT425090	MT433807
Marionina clavata	CE849	Sweden, Lerum	road bank	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902097	-

...Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

Species	Specimen ID	Locality	Habitat	Reference
Marionina communis Nielsen & Christensen, 1959	904	Hungary, Szolnok	under poplar trees	Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018	MG252215	MG252151	MT433808
Marionina communis	1195	Hungary, Nagykőrös	oak woodland	this study	-	MT425085	MT433809
Marionina communis	1216	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425086	MT433810
Marionina communis	1217	Korea, Mt. Gyebangsan	soil of Quercus mongolica forest	this study	-	MT425087	-
Marionina communis	CE811	Sweden, Skara	brown soil	Erséus et al . 2010 , Klinth et al . 2017	KU894286	GU902098	KU894216
Marionina filiformis Nielsen & Christensen, 1959	CE1040	Sweden, Laholm	n. d.	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902099	-
Marionina cf. levitheca Erséus, 1990	CE1339	Australia, Queensland	beach	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902093	-
Marionina cf. minutissima Healy, 1975	CE843	Sweden, Lerum	near road	Erséus et al . 2010	-	GU902094	-
Marionina nevisensis Righi & Kan- ner, 1979	CE338	Bahamas	intertidal sand and rubble at pond outfall	Matamoros et al. 2012	JN799847	JN799911	-
Marionina cf. nevisensis Righi & Kanner, 1979	CE260	New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands	beach, marine fine sand with freshwater springs	Erséus et al . 2010 , Matamoros et al. 2012	JN799846	GU902095	-
Marionina seminuda Xie & Rota, 2001	1334	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of Quercus serrata copse forest	this study	MT428060	MT425091	MT433811
Marionina seminuda	1335	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of Quercus serrata copse forest	this study	MT428061	MT425092	MT433812
Marionina seminuda	1337	Korea, Mt. Hallasan	soil of Quercus serrata copse forest	this study	MT428062	MT425093	MT433813
Marionina southerni Černosvitov, 1937	CE674	Sweden	coastal waters	Matamoros et al. 2012	JN799849	JN799913	-
Marionina spicula Leuckart, 1847	CE2561	Sweden, Västergötland	n. d.	Martinsson et al. 2017	-	KX618730	KX644887
Marionina tumulicola Healy & Coates, 1997	CE571	Australia, southwest coast	intertidal sand	Matamoros et al. 2012	JN799848	JN799912	-
Achaeta unibulba Graefe , Dózsa- Farkas & Christensen, 2005 (outgroup)	851	Hungary, Kőszeg Mts	meadow	Dózsa-Farkas & Felföldi 2017	KY583112	KY583130	KY583097

Further material examined . Five specimens from the type locality and one specimen from Mt. Gyebangsan , only in vivo . Etymology. Named after the country where it was found. Diagnosis. (1) Small size ( 3–6 mm , in vivo ), segments 23–26; (2) chaetae maximum 3–4 per bundle, slightly sigmoid without nodulus; (3) four pairs of nephridia preclitellarly; (4) all dorsal lobes of the three pairs of pharyngeal glands free and with ventral lobes, and 2 pairs of secondary ventral lobes in V, VI; (5) dorsal blood vessel from XII, blood colourless; (6) sperm funnel small (35–50 μm long); (7) spermatheca entally free, made of a thick-walled, 35–50 μm long and 12–17 μm wide ectal duct with a sessile ectal gland and a thin-walled ampulla; (8) some mature eggs at a time. FIGURE 3. Micrographs of Cognettia koreana sp. n . A. Brain. B , D. Clitellar glands, dorsal view. C. Clitellar glands, lateral view (penial bulb marked with arrow). E. Pharyngeal glands, dorsal view (spermathecae marked with arrows). F. Pharyngeal glands, lateral view (p=primary glands; ventral lobes marked with white arrows; secondary glands marked with black arrows). G. Nephridia in 7/8 and 8/9, marked with arrows. H. Coelomocytes. I. Segments IV–VI, dorsal view (p=primary pharyngeal glands, secondary pharyngeal glands marked with arrows). A–B, G–I in vivo , C, D–F fixed, stained. Scale bars 50 μm, D 20 μm. (E, paratype slide 2294; F, paratype slide 2304). FIGURE 4. Micrographs of Cognettia koreana sp. n. A–C. Sperm funnels (marked with arrows). D , E. Penial bulbs (marked with arrows). F. Mature eggs. G–J. Spermathecae (ampullae marked with black arrows, ectal gland marked with white arrow). A–D, F–G, J in vivo , E, H–I fixed, stained. Scale bars A, B, D–G 50 μm, C, H–J 20 μm. (H, paratype slide 2786; I, paratype slide 2294). Description. Small worm. Holotype 2.6 mm long, 225 µm wide at VIII and 255 µm at clitellum (fixed), 26 segments. Length of paratypes 3.2–6.0 mm, width 150–230 µm at VIII and 180–340 µm at clitellum in vivo , length of fixed specimens 2.3–2.6 mm , width 150–270 µm at VIII and 220–270 µm at clitellum, segments 23–26. Chaetae sigmoid, without nodulus. Chaetal formula 2,3–2,(3): 2,3,(4)–(2),3,4, length 30–37 µm in preclitellar region, 39–50 µm in posterior segments, 2.5–3 µm wide, absent in XII. Epidermal glands inconspicuous. Body wall 16–20 μm thick, cuticle 1 μm, or <1 μm, fixed. Clitellum extending over XII–1/2XIII, saddle-shaped, absent midventrally with about 90 µm wide gap ( Figs 3C , 4 D-E). Around the male glandular bulbus and at the ventral margin only granular cells. Clitellar gland cells irregularly scattered dorsally ( Figs 3B, D ). Head pore 0/I. Brain about 100 μm long and 1.3–1.5 times longer than wide (fixed and in vivo alike), anteriorly slightly convex, posteriorly deeply incised ( Fig. 3A ). Three pairs of primary pharyngeal glands, all free dorsally, first pair the largest, all with ventral lobes and two pairs of secondary glands in V and VI ( Fig. 3E, F, I ). Chloragocytes large, 20–30 μm long in vivo ( Fig. 3H ). Dorsal blood vessel from XII, blood colourless. The anterior bifurcation in peristomium. Four pairs of nephridia preclitellarly from 6/7 to 9/10; anteseptale consisting of funnel only, efferent duct arises antero-ventrally ( Fig. 3G ) (one specimen has only three pairs of nephridia preclitellarly). Coelomocytes transparent, elongated oval, about 21–27 μm long in vivo (15–23 μm, fixed) ( Fig. 3H ). Pars tumida of midgut at XVIII–XX (occupying 2 segments). Seminal vesicle absent. Sperm funnels ( Figs 2A , 4 A–C) small, 35–50 μm long and 1.2–1.5 times longer than wide in vivo (28–50 μm long and 1.5–2 times longer than wide in fixed specimens); sometimes stubby and slightly longer than wide ( Fig. 4B ); the collar as wide as funnel body or slightly narrower. Diameter of sperm ducts about 7 μm. Spermatozoa 41–48 μm long, head 20–30 μm in vivo (25–45 μm long, head 13–15 μm, fixed). Male glandular bulb ( Fig. 4D, E ) compact, oval, about 50 μm long, 30 μm wide in vivo (30–45 μm long and 25–45 μm wide when fixed). Spermathecae ( Figs 2B , 4 G–J) confined to V, entally free. Ectal ducts thick-walled, 35–50 μm long and 12–17 μm wide in vivo [30–44 μm long (in one case 60 μm) and 8–10 μm wide, fixed] with one sessile gland (15–22 μm long, fixed) at the orifice ( Fig. 4I ). The ampulla thin-walled, 33–50 μm long, 17–22 μm wide in vivo (25–35 μm long, 18–25 μm wide, fixed), with sperm in the lumen. 1–4 large mature eggs at a time ( Fig. 4F ). Distribution and habitat. In Korea : Mt. Deogyu, Seolcheon-myon, Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do , soil and litter layers of Abies holophylla forest, N 35°51’34.1” , E 127°44’49.1” , 1492 m asl; Mt. Gyebangsan, Nodong-ri, Yongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, soil and litter layers of Q. mongolica forest, N 37°42’24.78” , E 128°29’09.95” , 804 m asl. Differential diagnosis. Seven species are similar to the new species in size and in that they reproduce only sexually: C. zicsii Dózsa-Farkas, 1989 , C. lapponica Nurminen, 1965 , C. bisetosa Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 1999 , C. quadrosetosa Christensen & Dózsa-Farkas, 1999 , C. floridae Healy, 1996 , C. hibernica Healy, 1975 and C. baekrokdamensis ( Dózsa-Farkas et al . 2018 ) . C. pseudosphagnetorum was also assumed to reproduce only sexually by Martinsson et al. (2015a) , but we disagree with this opinion. The main differences that distinguish these from the new species are the followings: C. baekrokdamensis and C. floridae have asymmetrical ectal swellings of the spermathecal ducts (which is absent in the new species). In C. bisetosa and C. hibernica , the maximum number of chaetae per bundle is two. C. quadrosetosa has 3–4 chaetae per bundle laterally, while in the new species lateral bundles have only 2–3 chaetae. In the new species, bundles of four chaetae occur only ventrally. C. lapponica and C. zicsii are slightly larger than the new species: 32–37 segments, 6–8 mm body length in C. lapponica , and 34–47 segments, 7–10 mm in C. zicsii in vivo ; the sperm funnel is also larger (120–180 μm long in vivo in C. lapponica and 140–240 μm long in C. zicsii ).