A revision of the genus Photinopygus Chatzimanolis (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina) Author Chatzimanolis, Stylianos text Zootaxa 2023 2023-05-18 5292 1 1 100 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5292.1.1 journal article 53342 10.11646/zootaxa.5292.1.1 be05b7e2-ccc8-49cf-9173-1238edee4d40 1175-5326 7959518 8DEB1E66-92FA-4200-91A9-4631057B0600 Photinopygus sapphirinus ( Erichson, 1839 ) ( Figs. 198–205 ) Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson, 1839: 364 . Xanthopygus sapphirinus (Erichson) ; Kraatz 1857: 539 . Photinopygus sapphirinus (Erichson) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91. Type material. Lectotype , here designated, male, with labels: “5905” / “Type” / “Hist. -Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 5905 Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichs. Parà int., Sieber, Zool. Mus. Berlin ” / “ sapphirinus Er. Parà int. Sieb.” / “ Syntype Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson, 1839 labelled by MFNB 2020” / “ Lectotype Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of MFNB. Paralectotypes : two, here designated, with labels: “Type” / “Hist. -Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 5905 Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichs. Parà int., Sieber, Zool. Mus. Berlin ” / “ Syntype Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson, 1839 labelled by MFNB 2020” ( 1 ♀ MFNB ); “Columb. Mor.” / “Type” / “Hist. -Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 5905 Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichs. Parà int., Sieber, Zool. Mus. Berlin ” / “ Syntype Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson, 1839 labelled by MFNB 2020” (1 ♁ MFNB ). Both paralectotypes with label: “ Paralectotype Staphylinus sapphirinus Erichson des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. Additional Materials. ARGENTINA : Jujuy : P. N. Calilegua , nr. Rio Aguas Negras , Sendero Guarani [- 23.763°, -64.851°], 550–600 m, 15.iii.2011 , Caterino , Tishechkin leg. (2 ♁, 1 ♀ IADIZA ) ; Salta : Urundel [-23.33°, -64.25°], i.1993 , S. Bolle leg., FMNHINS4030568 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; BOLIVIA : Cochabamba : Chapare [-16.83°, - 66.16°], 400 m, R. Zischkai leg., Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Cristal Mayu [-17.00°, -65.63°], 25.ix.1949 . L. Peña leg., Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; La Paz : Unduavil / Coroico Rd [-16.26°, -67.83°], 300 m, 1–3.xii.1976 , Bolle leg. ( 2 ♀ CNC ) ; Pando : Loma Alta [-10.80°, -66.17°], 18.iii.1957 , G. Pinckert leg., FMNHINS3975601 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Santa Cruz : Cuatro Ojos [-16.80°, -63.58°], J. Steinback leg. ( 2 ♀ CMNH ) ; Hotel Fauna y Flora [-17.52°, -63.65°], 14–16.x.2000 , R. Morris leg., FMNHINS3975505 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; Puerto Suárez [-18.97°, -57.80°], 31.xii.1993 , D. Brzoska leg., SM0139613 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Sara [-17.00°, -63.58°], 450 m, J. Steinbach leg. (1 ♁ CMNH ) ; BRAZIL : Amazonas : Tefé [-3.35°, -64.79°], Sharp coll. (3 ♁, 3 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Mato Grosso : Sinop [- 11.85°, -55.51°], x.1976 , M. Alvarenga leg. ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul : Corumbá [-19.01°, -57.65°], Bang-Haas leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975451 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; same locality, FMNHINS3975452 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; same locality, Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Pará : Itaituba [-4.28°, -55.98°], Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Óbidos [-1.90°, -55.52°], Sharp coll. ( 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Parauapebas [Pebas] [-6.07°, -49.90°], Sharp coll. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; Santarém [-2.44°, -54.70°] (1 ♁, 1 ♀ CMNH ; 3 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Tapajós [-3.21°, -55.16°], Sharp coll. ( 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; unknown locality (1 ♁, 1 ♀ CMNH ) ; Tucurui [-3.77°, -49.67°], i.1979 , M. Alvarenga leg. ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; Rondônia : Cacaulândia [-10.34°, -62.90°], 150–300 m, 19.x.1991 , J. R. Macdonald leg. (1 ♁ MEM ) ; Santa Catarina : unknown locality, Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; São Paulo : Ribeirão Preto [-21.18°, -47.81°], xi–xii.1899 , Riedel leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975449 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; unknown state: unknown locality: Bates leg., Fry coll., FMNHINS3975588 (1 ♁ FMNH ); COLOMBIA : Antioquia : Puerto Berrío [6.49°, -74.40°], 5.viii.[19]38, C.H. Seevers leg., FMNHINS3975541 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Boyacá : Muzo [5.53°, -74.11°], Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Cesar : Chiriguana Dist. [9.37°, -73.60°], C. Allen leg., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS3975448 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ; 1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; Magdalena : Cacagualito [11.15°, -74.10°] ( 1 ♀ CMNH ) ; El Banco [9.00°, -73.98°], C. Allen leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975447 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; NW Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta [11.00°, -74.02°], 1219–1524 m, 7.vii.[19]28, Darlington leg (1 ♁ MCZ ) ; PNN Tayrona Cerro San Lucas, La Antena [11.33°, -74.03°], 700 m, 19–24.vii.2002 , M. Sharkey , D. Arias , E. Torres leg. (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Santa Marta [11.24°, -74.21°], Fry coll. ( 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Meta : Villavicencio [4.15°, -73.63°], 11.vii.[19]38, FMNHINS3975537 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; Putomayo : Santa Rosa , Kofan Indian Village [0.73°, -76.59°], 400 m, 29–31.viii.1971 , rotten bananas, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS4030600 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; COSTA RICA : Alajuela : Atenas , [9.98°, -84.37°], Schild-Burgdorf coll., FMNHINS3975446 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Peñas Blancas [10.36°, -84.67°], 800 m, 19.v.1989 , FIT, J. Ashe , R. Brooks , R. Leschen leg., SM0080038 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; 5 km W San Ramon [10.05°, -84.51°], 1200 m, vi.1997 , O. Castro , P. Hanson leg., SM0457624 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; San Mateo [9.94°, -84.527°], ix.1921 (1 ♁ MFNB ) ; Cartago : Tucurrique [9.85°, -83.73°], Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Turrialba [9.88°, -83.68°], 7.viii. 1969 (1 ♁ CMNH ) ; same locality, 7.viii.[19]65, under Ficus bark, Raske coll. (1 ♁ CNC ) ; same locality, 1.vii.1967 , G.&K. Eickwort leg., SM0080041 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, A. Hayne leg. (2 ♁ MFNB ) ; Guanacaste : Cañas [10.45°, -85.10°], 26.v.1979 , J.M. & B.A. Campbell leg. ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; same locality, 7–9.vii.[19]66, J.B. Karren leg., SM0080056 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; Ciruelas [10.50°, -85.35°], 10.x.[19]41, Bierig coll. FMNHINS3975461 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Finca Montezuma , 3 km S Rio Naranjo on Volcán Tenorio [10.67°, -85.08°], 560 m, 2–3.vi.1992 , M. Jameson , B. Ratcliffe leg., SM0080027 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Playas del Coco [10.55°, -85.70°], 10.vii.1966 , J.B. Karren leg., SM0079993 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Rincon de Osa [8.686°, -83.519°], 50 m, 23–26.vi.2001 , FIT, S.&J. Peck leg., SM0551778 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; Heredia : La Selva , 3.2 km. SE Puerto Viejo [10.42°, -84.00°], 100 m, x. 1992 , P. Hanson leg., SM0080021 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; same locality, 10.vi.1993 , H.A. Hespenheide leg, SM0156286 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; Limón : Hamburg Farm , [10.25°, -83.45°], 4.viii.1933 , Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975462 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; same locality, 9.viii.[19]29, Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975457 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; R. B. Hitoy Cerere [9.64°, -83.08°], 100 m, vi.1991 , G. Carballo leg., INBIOCRI000434541 (1 ♁ UTCI ) ; Puntarenas : Monteverde [10.29°, -84.83°], 1372 m, 3–4.vi.1979 , J.M. & B.A. Campbell (1 ♁ CNC ) ; same locality, 1000–1350 m, v.1994 , Z. Fuentes leg., INBIOCRI00189422 ( 1 ♀ UTCI ) ; Santa Elena [10.31°, -84.83°], 1300 m, 2.vi.[19]79, J.M. & B.A. Campbell ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; San José : Escazú [9.92°, -84.15°], 16.viii.[19]41, Bierig coll. FMNHINS3975460 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; same locality, 1500 m, 3.xii.1987 , M. Cooper leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; same locality, 20–28.viii.1988 , F.D. Parker leg., SM0080037, SM0079996 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, 21–26.v.1989 , F.D. Parker leg., SM0079997 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; same locality, 28–31.v.1989 , F.D. Parker leg., SM0079998 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, 1–30.xi.1998 , W. Eberhard , P. Hanson leg., SM0235850, SM0235851 (2 ♁ SEMC ) ; La Caja [9.96°, -84.14°], 7–30.viii.1924 , Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS39789901, FMNHINS39789902, FMNHINS3975455 (1 ♁, 2 ♀ FMNH ) ; same locality, viii.[19]38, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989900 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; Piedras Negra [9.90°, -84.31°], Schilds-Burgdorf coll. (1 ♁ USNM ) ; same locality, Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; San José [9.93°, -84.08°], 15.vi.[19]28, F. Nevermann leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975458 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; same locality, 15.v.[19]36, F. Nevermann leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989904 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; same locality, Schilds-Burgdorf coll. (2 ♁ USNM ) ; same locality, 10.viii.1962 , C.D. Michener leg., SM0080033 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, 15.vii.1963 , C.D. Michener leg., SM0080040 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, 26.vii.1966 , J.B. Karren leg., SM0079994 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; San Isidro de Coronado [9.97°, -83.99°], Bierig coll. FMNHINS3975459 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; San Pedro de Montes de Osa [9.93°, -84.05°], 8.xii.[19]34, on avocado ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; unknown province: unknown locality, H. Schmidt S. leg., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS3975444 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; unknown locality, 22.vi.[19]28, F. Nevermann leg., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS3975456 (1 ♁ FMNH ); ECUADOR : Orellana : [ Puerto Francisco de Orellana] Coca [-0.46°, - 76.98°], v.1965 , Peña coll. FMNHINS3975495, FMNHINS3975472 ( 2 ♀ FMNH ) ; Joya de los Sachas [-0.30°, - 76.85°],1981, on Theobroma cacao, M. Wright leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; Pompeya [-0.45° -76.61°], v.1965 , Peña coll. FMNHINS3975494 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Napo : Yuturi Lodge , Rio Napo [-0.55°, -76.04°], 270 m, 21.iii.1999 , R. Brooks leg., SM0153114 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Pichincha : Tinalandia [-0.29°, -79.04°], 700 m, 23–26.ii.1981 , H.F. Howden leg. (1 ♁ CNC ) ; Sucumbios : Limoncocha [-0.40°, -76.60°], 250 m, 15–28.vi.1976 , S. & J. Peck leg. (2 ♁, 2 ♀ CNC ) ; EL SALVADOR : La Libertad : Los Cho [r]ros [13.70°, -89.32°], 13.v.[19]71, Howden , Peck leg. (1 ♁ CNC ) ; Sonsonate : Sonsonate [13.72°, -89.72°], J. Zetek leg. ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; FRENCH GUIANA : Cayenne [4.94°, -52.33°] (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; same locality, Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Pariacabo [5.15°, -52.68°], Griveau coll. (1 ♁ MHNG ) ; Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni [5.50°, -54.03°], Griveau coll. (1 ♁ MHNG ); GUATEMALA : Alta Verapaz : Chejel [15.28°, -90.05°] (1 ♁ USNM ) ; Senahú [15.42°, -89.82°], Champion leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; Baja Verapaz : Purulhá [15.27°, -90.20°], Champion leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; San Jerónimo [15.06°, -90.24°], 914 m, Champion leg., Sharp coll. FMNHINS3975450 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Guatemala : El Zapote [14.52°, -90.30°], Champion leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Retalhuleu : Retalhuleu [14.53°, -91.68°], [19]25, L. Thiel leg. ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; unknown department: unknown locality, P. de Borre leg., (1 ♁, 1 ♀ MHNG ) ; GUYANA : Cuyuni-Mazuruni : Kartabo [6.35°, -58.70°], M.D. Haviland leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; HONDURAS : Francisco Morazán : El Zamorano [14.00°, -87.00°], vii.1965 , G.F. Freytag leg., FMNHINS3989911 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; same locality, vii.1967 , J.B. Karren leg., SM0079995 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; Tegucigalpa [14.10°, -87.22°], 25.x.[19]15, F.J. Dyer leg. ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; same locality and collector, 11.viii.[19]18 (1 ♁ AMNH ) ; same locality and collector, 31.x.[19]17 (1 ♁ AMNH ) ; MEXICO : Chiapas : Santo Domingo [15.03°, -92.11°], 8–15.vii.[19]58, J.A. Chemsak leg., Newton coll., FMNHINS3989857, FMNHINS3989858 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Colima : Colima [19.24, -103.73°], Conradt leg. (1 ♁ USNM ) ; Jalisco : Atoyac [20.02°, -103.53°], Flohr coll. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ MFNB ) ; Veracruz : Córdoba [18.89°, -96.94°], F. Knab leg. ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; El Mirador [19.21°, -96.84°], Höge leg., Sharp coll. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Orizaba [18.85°, -97.1°], 1871, Bilimek leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975453 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Tezonapa [18.60°, -96.68°], 3.viii.[19]41, H.S. Dybas leg.,FMNHINS3989845(1♁ FMNH ) ; unknown state: unknown locality, Bernhauer coll..FMNHINS3975454 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; unknown locality, Leebmann leg. (1 ♁ NHMD ); unknown locality, Kraatz coll. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SDEI ) ; NICARAGUA : Chontales : unknown locality ( 1 ♀ NHMUK ) ; unknown locality, Sharp coll., Bernhauer coll. ( 1 ♀ AMNH ) ; Granada : Res. Nat. Volcán Mombacho [11.834°, -85.981°], 1150 m, 1–5.vi.2002 , FIT, R. Brooks , Z. Falin , S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0575431, SM0555402, SM0565401, (1 ♁, 2 ♀ SEMC ) ; same locality, 1060 m, 1– 5.vi.2002 , FIT, R. Brooks , Z. Falin , S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0575462, SM0575464, SM0575469, SM0575467, SM0575468, SM0575463, SM0575470, SM0575466, SM0575471, SM0575465 ( 8 ♀ SEMC ; 1 ♁, 1 ♀ UTCI ) ; Matagalpa : 6km N Matagalpa , Selva Negra Hotel [12.999°, -85.909°], 1350 m, 21.v.2002 , treefall litter, R. Brooks , Z. Falin , S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0575504, SM0575503 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; Raan : PN Cerro Saslaya [13.770°, - 84.978°], 280 m, 7–10.vi.2011 , tropical wet forest, Malaise trap , LLAMA leg., SEMC1036202 ( 1 ♀ SEMC ) ; PANAMA : Chiriquí : Bugaba [8.48°, -82.62°], Champion leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♁, 3 ♀ NHMUK ) ; Puerto Armuelles [8.28°, -82.87°], 28.vi.[19]30, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989875, FMNHINS3989881, FMNHINS3989874, FMNHINS3989876, FMNHINS3989877, FMNHINS3989878, FMNHINS3989879 (2 ♁, 5 ♀ FMNH ) ; Volcán de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 762–1220 m, Champion leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK ) ; Darién : Santa Fe [8.65°, -78.16°], 29.v.[19]67, malaise trap , D.M. Delong , C.A. Triplehorn leg., FMNHINS3989907 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; Panamá : Barro Colorado Island [9.15°, -79.85°], v.[19]41, at light, J. Zetek leg. ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; same locality, 6.vii.1961 , at light, J. M. Campbell leg. ( 2 ♀ CNC ) ; Panamá Oeste : [ PN De Cerro Campana ] Cerro Campana [8.71°, -79.95°], 884 m, 2.viii.1970 , J.M. Campbell ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; unknown department: unknown locality (1 ♁ USNM ); PERU : Cusco : Quillabamba [-12.87°, -72.69°], 1036 m, 14.iii.1947 , J.C. Fallister leg. ( 1 ♀ AMNH ) ; Quince Mil [-13.23°, -70.77°], 14–31.viii.[19]62, L. Peña leg., FMNHINS3975501 (1 ♁ FMNH ) ; Vilcanota [-13.77°, -71.30°], Bernhauer coll. (1 ♁ SDEI ) ; Junín : Chanchamayo [-11.00°, -75.25°], 1000 m (1 ♁ MFNB ) ; Rio Venado [-11.210° -74.760°], 21.ii.2011 , A. Petrov leg. ( 1 ♀ ZMUN ) ; San Martin : Achinamiza [-6.55°, -76.06°], 15.ii.[19]26, Bassler coll. ( 1 ♀ AMNH ) ; unknown department: unknown locality, ( 1 ♀ USNM ) ; SURINAME : unknown district: unknown locality, Kraatz coll. ( 1 ♀ SDEI ) ; TRINIDAD and TABAGO: Trinidad : Port of Spain [10.66°, -61.51°], i.1913 , R. Thaxter leg. (1 ♁ MCZ ) ; Simla Research Station [10.69°, -61.29°], 2–15.vi.1981 , Hanson , Clemons leg., SM0080036 (1 ♁ SEMC ) ; same locality, 250 m, 25.xi.–2.xii.1977 , W.R.M. Mason leg. ( 1 ♀ CNC ) ; same locality, 24.vi.–8.vii.1993 , lower montane rainforest, FIT, S. & J. Peck leg., FMNHINS3975560 ( 1 ♀ FMNH ) ; VENEZUELA : Amazonas : Cerro de la Neblina [0.89°, -65.99°], 140 m, 17.ii.1984 , Rozen , Stupakoff leg. ( 1 ♀ AMNH ) ; Capital District : Caracas [10.48°, -66.90°], Scheerpeltz coll. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) ; Monagas : Caripito [10.12°, -63.10°], 25.viii.1942 (1 ♁ AMNH ) ; unknown state: unknown locality, 1868, D. Moritz leg. ( 1 ♀ NMW ) . FIGURES 198–201. Photinopygus sapphirinus (Erichson) . 198. Habitus. 199. Sternites 7–8. 200. Pronotum. 201. Antenna. Not to scale. Diagnosis. Photinopygus sapphirinus belongs in the concave pronotum species group. Among species of that group that have pronotum with dense punctation (i.e., with 5–9 organized rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line), antennomeres 4–5 longer than wide, and sternite 7 in males with porose structure, P. sapphirinus can be recognized by the following combination of characters: sternite 8 in males with large deep Ushaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 199 ), sternite 7 in males with narrow, deep but not ‘shaved’ emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 199 ), antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate ( Fig. 201 ), aedeagus with paramere longer than median lobe ( Figs. 202–203 ), in dorsal view paramere narrow throughout its length ( Fig. 203 ) and with a pointed apex, median lobe with small subapical tooth, and peg setae as in Fig. 204 . Description. Forebody ( Fig. 198 ) length 6.9–8.3 mm . Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black; antennae orange; legs dark brown to black except protarsi dark orange (in some specimens meso-, metatarsi light brown); elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones; abdomen dark brown to black except segments 7–8 orange (few specimens with anterior half of sternite 7 dark brown to black). Antenna ( Fig. 201 ) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–7 longer than wide; antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.41–1.60. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but punctures denser posteriorly. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum ( Fig. 200 ) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 1.04–1.08. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint concave; pronotum with 8–9 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 0.5–1 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.35–1.46. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergites 3–4 setose; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like); tergite 5 curved carina only at lateral margin; sternite 7 with large porose structure, sternite 7 with narrow and deep emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with large U-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 201 ). Aedeagus as in Figs. 202–204 ; in dorsal view paramere narrow, converging to pointed apex; paramere longer and slightly narrower (except apically) than median lobe; in lateral view paramere becoming narrower near tip; paramere with peg setae in multiple lateral rows as in Fig. 204 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to narrow pointed tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower; median lobe with small subapical tooth. FIGURES 202–204. Aedeagus of Photinopygus sapphirinus (Erichson) . 202. Lateral view. 203. Dorsal view. 204. Detail of paramere, ventral view. Distribution. Broadly distributed in Central and South America. Known from the provinces of Jujuy and Salta in Argentina , the departments of Cochabamba , La Paz, Pando and Santa Cruz in Bolivia , the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul , Pará, Rondônia , Santa Catarina and São Paulo in Brazil , the departments of Antioquia , Boyacá , Cesar , Magdalena , Meta and Putomayo in Colombia , the provinces of Alajuela , Cartago , Guanacaste , Heredia , Limón , Puntarenas and San José in Costa Rica , the provinces of Orellana , Napo , Pichincha and Sucumbios in Ecuador , the departments of La Libertad and Sonsonate in El Salvador , from French Guiana , the departments of Alta Verapaz , Baja Verapaz , Guatemala and Retalhuleu in Guatemala , the regions of Cuyuni-Mazuruni and Morazán in Guyana , the department of Francisco Morazán in Honduras , the states of Chiapas, Colima, Jalisco and Veracruz in Mexico, the departments of Chontales , Granada , Matagalpa and Raan in Nicaragua , the provinces of Chiriquí , Darién , Panamá and Panamá Oeste in Panama , the departments of Cusco , Junín and San Martin in Peru , from Suriname and Trinidad , and from the Capital District and the departments of Amazonas and Monagas in Venezuela . Map is shown in Fig. 205 . Habitat. Collected at low to mid elevations ( 100–1524 m ) using flight intercept and malaise traps, under Ficus or fermenting guanacaste bark, in treefall litter, on fruits, and at light.