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<mods:title id="688B2C041BA0DD1E5A96FDB85575516E">Free-living marine nematodes of the family Sphaerolaimidae (Chromadoria, Monhysterida) from the mangroves of the Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B5492F2195A1F63D79630338605EBF5">Tchesunov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BEDD7B0357D37A36C1607713D4790648">Eskandari, Ali</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="82D557F98A9BC3E919F233E69A2CD880">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E7CE52578635F7E55469F26F2B9B6304">Hosseinvand, Manouchehr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAB129AD2DC95A9C6ECB54217D3A47D1">Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of ZanJan, 45371 - 38791, ZanJan, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBDFF93FF3699D2F0371995" ID-CoL="87JF7" authority="Ditlevsen, 1918" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,584,654,681]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF3699D2F3FC1994" bold="true" box="[151,387,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FE2A99D2F0371995" author="Ditlevsen, H." box="[395,584,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="147 - 214" refId="ref7818" refString="Ditlevsen, H. (1918) Marine freeliving nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn, 70 (7), 147 - 214." type="journal article" year="1918">Ditlevsen, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3546570FFBDFF93FF36998AF0121F08" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF136FBFFBDFF93FF36998AF0C71898" blockId="10.[151,1437,726,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF36998AF36D19CD" bold="true" box="[151,274,726,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(after 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FEC9998BF06519CC" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[360,538,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="53 - 78" refId="ref8512" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1978) Postembryonalentwicklung von Steineria - und Sphaerolaimidenarten (Nematoden) und ihre Konsequenzen fur die Systematik. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 200 (1 / 2), 53 - 78." type="journal article" year="1978">Lorenzen 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FD8A998BF01A19CC" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[555,613,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref8549" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1981) Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 7 (Supplement), 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FDD6998BF0CD19CC" author="Lorenzen, S." box="[631,690,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" refId="ref8581" refString="Lorenzen, S. (1994) The phylogenetic systematics of freeliving nematodes. Ray Society Monographs Series. Vol. 162. The Ray Society, London, 383 pp." type="book" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
; Coomans &amp; Eyualem-Abebe 2006, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FBCC998BF7E719CC" author="Fonseca, G. &amp; Bezerra, T. N." box="[1133,1432,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="1929" refId="ref7850" refString="Fonseca, G. &amp; Bezerra, T. N. (2014) Order Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Vol. 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin-Boston, pp. 435 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783110274257.435" type="book chapter" year="2014">Fonseca &amp; Bezerra 2014</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FF3699A7F31B1828" author="Zograf, J. K. &amp; Pavlyuk, O. N. &amp; Trebukhova, Y. A. &amp; Tu, N. D." box="[151,356,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="58 - 70" refId="ref9155" refString="Zograf, J. K., Pavlyuk, O. N., Trebukhova, Y. A. &amp; Tu, N. D. (2017) Revision of the genus Parasphaerolaimus (Nemata: Sphaerolaimidae) with description of new species. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 58 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Zograf 
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FF4B99A7F3641828" box="[234,283,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FECE99A7F0D31828" author="Cavalcanti, M. F. &amp; Venekey, V." box="[367,684,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="339 - 350" refId="ref7465" refString="Cavalcanti, M. F. &amp; Venekey, V. (2017) Parasphaerolaimus magdolnae sp. n. (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) with intra-uterine development of its offspring from a Brazilian estuarine system. Zootaxa, 4358 (2), 339 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.2.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Cavalcanti &amp; Venekey 2017</bibRefCitation>
, emended and amended) 
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. Within cheilostoma, the longitudinally striated truncated conical compartment longer than the shagreen band. Narrow granular shagreen band often consisting of several (six) more or less well discernible elements; circular crest may be developed. Gymnostoma narrow. Stegostoma voluminous, conical, consisting of three large cuticular elements. Amphideal fovea at the level of gymnostoma or stegostoma.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54F58859FFBDFF93FF6698F3F28018F4" box="[199,255,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D78FFBDFF93FEC498F3F10518F4" authority="Ditlevsen, 1918" authorityName="Ditlevsen" authorityYear="1918" box="[357,890,943,969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Sphaerolaimidae" genus="Parasphaerolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paradoxus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FEC498F3F0C118F4" box="[357,702,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Parasphaerolaimus paradoxus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FD6498F3F10518F4" author="Ditlevsen, H." box="[709,890,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="147 - 214" refId="ref7818" refString="Ditlevsen, H. (1918) Marine freeliving nematodes from Danish waters. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KJObenhavn, 70 (7), 147 - 214." type="journal article" year="1918">Ditlevsen, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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The genus currently includes 14valid species(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FD1D988FF12E18D0" author="Nemys" box="[700,849,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" refId="ref8735" refString="Nemys eds. (2023) Nemys: World Database of Nematodes. Available from: https: // nemys. ugent. be (accessed 23 November 2023) https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 366" type="url" year="2023">NeMys 2023</bibRefCitation>
).Taxonomic reviews of the genus 
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<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FB61988FF7E318D0" box="[1216,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">Parasphaerolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
together with pictorial and dichotomic keys for species identification have been given recently by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FAAA98ABF29D1F08" author="Zograf, J. K. &amp; Pavlyuk, O. N. &amp; Trebukhova, Y. A. &amp; Tu, N. D." pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="58 - 70" refId="ref9155" refString="Zograf, J. K., Pavlyuk, O. N., Trebukhova, Y. A. &amp; Tu, N. D. (2017) Revision of the genus Parasphaerolaimus (Nemata: Sphaerolaimidae) with description of new species. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 58 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.4" type="journal article" year="2017">
Zograf 
<emphasis id="B93AEAE9FFBDFF93FAC098ABF7E21F2C" box="[1377,1437,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="533">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B0AFFBDFF93FEB99F47F0161F08" author="Cavalcanti, M. F. &amp; Venekey, V." box="[280,617,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="533" pagination="339 - 350" refId="ref7465" refString="Cavalcanti, M. F. &amp; Venekey, V. (2017) Parasphaerolaimus magdolnae sp. n. (Nematoda, Sphaerolaimidae) with intra-uterine development of its offspring from a Brazilian estuarine system. Zootaxa, 4358 (2), 339 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.2.7" type="journal article" year="2017">Cavalcanti &amp; Venekey (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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