Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae) Author Huber, Bernhard A. 33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Tlaxcala, San Miguel Contla, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil. b.huber@leibniz-lib.de Author Meng, Guanliang 7E8C41F8-77BB-468F-BE9A-D3F1DFCA1E4E Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. Laboratory of Arachnology (LATLAX), Institute of Biology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Tlaxcala, San Miguel Contla, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México. Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil. G.Meng@leibniz-lib.de Author Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro F043A1C7-2B83-40C9-A74E-82C92F00725A lat_mactans@yahoo.com.mx Author Král, Jiří E836F3B5-D704-4EEC-966A-0C4F1FAD324B spider@natur.cuni.cz Author Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. E3687584-7F64-450D-9492-BE0DD4864AD6 ivalu.a@gmail.com Author Carvalho, Leonardo S. 28AA7D67-3C9D-495E-8C17-33D35F1A0FAC carvalho@ufpi.edu.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-07-17 880 1 1 89 http://zoobank.org/3f806fd6-2eb3-456a-afd7-780a0fbeb2da journal article 55344 10.5852/ejt.2023.880.2173 339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15 2118-9773 8155472 3F806FD6-2EB3-456A-AFD7-780A0FBEB2DA Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C2E5858B-2822-4630-BCEC-D34864087C0A Figs 3F–G , 14– 18 , 33E–F Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners ( P. mazatlan sp. nov. , P. mexcala , P. americana ) by shape of male bulbal process ( Fig. 15F–H ; distinctive dorsal process, without ventral flap) and by shape of male cheliceral apophyses ( Fig. 15A–B ; long, directed upwards, without or with barely visible proximal humps); from very similar P. mazatlan also by main element of procursus more truncated ( Fig. 15E ), by male cheliceral apophyses less strongly directed upwards, and by thicker male leg femora (0.28–0.30 vs 0.18–0.20). From P. americana also by tip of procursus (semi-transparent process not widening distally) and by shape of epigynum ( Fig. 16 ; main epigynal plate posteriorly straight). Fig. 14. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. , male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm. Etymology The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype MEXICO – Guerrero • ♂ ; ~ 5 km S of Papanoa ; 17.2711° N , 101.0328° W ; 75 m a.s.l. ; 4 Oct. 2019 ; B.A. Huber and A. Valdez-Mondragón leg.; low forest, leaf litter; LATLAX . Paratypes MEXICO – Guerrero • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 23945 . Fig. 15. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. , male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). A–B . Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E . Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H . Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviation: dp, dorsal process. Scale bars = 0.2 mm. Other material examined MEXICO – Guerrero • 3 ♀♀ , 1 juv. , in pure ethanol ( one female used for SEM); same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Mex216 • 3 ♀♀ abdomens, together with paratypes (prosomata used for molecular work); same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 23945 • 2 ♂♂ (partly used for µ-CT study); same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 23947 • 1 ♂ (partly used for karyotype analysis); same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 23948 . Fig. 16. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. , females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), epigyna. A, C–D . Ventral views. B, E . Lateral views. Figs C and D show the same specimen, with genital plug (gp) and without plug. Scale bars = 0.3 mm. Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS . Total body length 2.4, carapace width 1.05. Distance PME-PME 60 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME-ALE 30 µm; distance AME-AME 20 µm; diameter AME 40 µm. Leg 1: 5.30 (1.50 + 0.40 + 1.30 + 1.55 + 0.55), tibia 2: 1.15, tibia 3: 1.05, tibia 4: 1.50; tibia 1 L/d: 9; diameters of leg femora 0.28–0.30, of leg tibiae 0.14–0.15. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-orange, no dark marks on carapace, leg femora distally darkened; abdomen grey with dark bluish internal marks; ventrally with light brown plate in front of gonopore. Fig. 17. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. , females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), cleared female genitalia. A, D . Ventral views. B, E . Dorsal views. C, F . Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.2 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm. BODY ( Fig. 3F ). Ocular area barely raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus unmodified, very short (clypeus rim to ALE: 0.24). Sternum slightly wider than long (0.68/0.58), heart-shaped (i.e., narrow posteriorly), with pair of distinct anterior processes near coxae 1. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE ( Fig. 15A–B ). With pair of long frontal apophyses; stridulatory files fine but clearly visible in dissecting microscope; distances between cheliceral stridulatory ridges proximally 3.0 µm, distally 3.8 µm. PALPS ( Fig. 14 ). Coxa unmodified; trochanter without process; femur proximally with retrolateral-ventral process and prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but simple, slightly curved towards dorsal; femur-patella joints slightly shifted toward prolateral side; tibia globular, with two trichobothria; procursus very simple ( Fig. 15C–E ), narrow distal part directed towards prolateral, with semi-transparent tip; genital bulb with distinctive dorsal process and sclerotized and membranous distal elements ( Fig. 15F–H ). Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov. , female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A . Ocular area, frontal view. B . Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C . Epigynum, posterior view. D . Spinnerets. E . Palpal tarsal organ (and base of ‘regular’ hair). F . Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm. LEGS . Without spines and curved hairs; with vertical hairs in two narrow dorsal bands on all tibiae (length ~20 µm); length of dorsal trichobothrium on tibia 1: ~100 µm; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 57%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~7 pseudosegments, only distally 2–3 distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in other male: 1.35. Female In general, similar to male ( Fig. 3G ) but sternum without pair of anterior humps, tibiae without higher than usual density of short vertical hairs, and chelicerae without stridulatory files. Tibia 1 in four females : 0.90, 0.90, 1.00, 1.05. Epigynum ( Figs 16 , 18C ) with simple anterior plate protruding posteriorly; posterior plate wide, median part separated anteriorly from lateral parts by pair of whitish areas. Internal genitalia ( Fig. 17 ) very simple, apparently without or with small and indistinct median receptacle, without or with very small pore plates. Distribution Known from type locality only, in Mexico , Guerrero ( Fig. 2 ). Natural history The spiders were found in dry leaf litter in a low hillside forest ( Fig. 34C ). They shared the microhabitat with at least three further species of Pholcidae (Modisiminae) : one representative of Modisimus Simon, 1893 , one Anopsicus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938 , and one species of uncertain generic position.