Nematode-induced demasculinization of Nearctic Dolichopodidae (Diptera) with five new synonyms Author Runyon, Justin B. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-01-24 5092 5 545 558 journal article 2447 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.3 851d995a-7acd-410b-9ab8-c38a81a2fc4f 1175-5326 5896385 5E84BAA2-9CD2-4471-93A2-56A468E69DF3 Dolichopus sincerus Melander, 1900 ( Figs 13–15 , 18, 19 ) Dolichopus sincerus Melander, 1900: 3 . Dolichopus subdirectus Van Duzee, 1921: 118 . Dolichopus frosti Runyon, 2008: 370 , syn. nov. Nematode. Apparent Mermithidae . Demasculinized males examined. 4 ♂ (including holotype of Dolichopus frosti ), USA , Pennsylvania , Centre County , Black Moshannon State Park , Moss-Hanne Trail , Shirks Run , 580 m , 23 July 2006 , N 40°53.396’ W78°02.584’ , muddy trail through sphagnum bog, JB Runyon; 4 ♂ , same as previous, 26 July 2007 ( MTEC , PSUC , USNM ) . FIGURES 7–15. Effects of mermithid-like nematode infection on faces of male Dolichopus species. Normal males (left column), infected males (middle column), and females (right column). 7–9. Dolichopus dorycerus Loew. 10–12. Dolichopus partitus Melander & Brues. 13–15. Dolichopus sincerus Melander. Remarks. Infected specimens of D. sincerus differ from normal specimens in having unusually small and incompletely rotated genitalia (cf. Figs 18, 19 ), a wider face with silver pruinosity (cf. Figs 13, 14 ), costa without or with at most indistinct enlargement at apex of R 1 , abdominal sternite 2 with longer ventral hairs (similar to female), and in lacking a broad, lustrous, posterodorsal spur at apex of the hind tibia. Twenty-three normal males of D. sincerus were collected at the site with eight demasculinized male specimens.