The green lacewings of Pakistan (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): a faunal review with new records of genera and species Author Hassan, Muhammad Asghar 0000-0003-2590-5781 kakojan112@gmail.com Author Liu, Xingyue text Zootaxa 2022 2022-09-01 5180 1 1 83 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 journal article 135488 10.11646/zootaxa.5180.1.1 53256720-2b2c-4dc2-9876-0a3b163e869d 1175-5326 7040828 B6D071D8-6D56-46FD-B1B6-250394D9D6F7 Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1851 ( Figs 30–34 , 56 ) Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1851: 8 . Type locality: Austria ( Wien : Prater ). Chrysopa burmeisteri Schneider, 1851: 123 . Type locality: Brazil ( Espirito Santo ). Hemerobius beckii Costa, 1855: 16 . Type locality: Italy ( Campania : Napoli ). Chrysopa atomaria Navás, 1908: 18 . Type locality: Spain (Zaragoza). Chrysopa laletana Navás, 1909: 793 . Type locality: Spain ( Catalunya : Barcelona ). Chrysopa frontalis Pongracz, 1912: 201 . Type locality: Unknown. Chrysopa decempunctata Lacroix, 1913: 106 . Type locality: France ( Poitou-Charentes : Châtelaillon ). Chrysopa gelini Lacroix, 1913: 105 . Type locality: France ( Poitou-Charentes : Fouras ). Chrysopa bufona Navás, 1915c: 73 . Type locality: Unknown. Chrysopa var. gundisalvi Navás, 1915c: 73 . Type locality: Unknown. Chrysopa japana Okamoto, 1919: 42 . Type localities: Japan and Korea. Chrysopa foedata Navás, 1919a: 55 . Type locality: Spain ( Catalunya : Martorell ). Chrysopa boguniana Navás, 1919a: 54 . Type locality: Spain ( Catalunya : Sarriá ). Chrysopa yuanensis Navás, 1932b: 113 . Type locality: China (Tsingshuiho). Cintameva pyrenaea Navás, [1931b] 1930: 161 . Type locality: Spain . Cintameva sobradielina Navás, [1933a] 1932: 15 . Type locality: Spain (Sobradiel). Cintameva tetuanensis Navás, 1934a: 6 . Type locality: Morocco (Tetuan). Chrysopa bicristata Tjeder, 1936: 28 . Type locality: China ( Gansu ). Diagnosis Chrysopa formosa is similar to C. dubitans in external body characters, but it can be distinguished by dark brown subcostal veinlets at proximal 2/ 3 in forewing, and the male genitalia with two pairs of gonocristae (gcr) at lateral margins of S9 (the first pair is smaller, with only a few larger teeth, whereas the second pair is larger, containing both small and large teeth). Notes For this common species, we noticed that the markings on frons and vertex exhibit numerous variations in size and shape that are not consistent among individuals collected from the same locality: vertex with a pair of median dark spots or with a large red marking; interantennal marking faint or distinct; antennal scape either entirely dark brown or pale yellow, and marking on genae either linear or rounded ( Monserrat & Pantaleoni 2020 ; fig. 5C; Figs 30D , 33C , 34B ). FIGURE 29. Chrysopa dubitans McLachlan.A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Close view of gonocristae in ventral view; D. Pseudopenis and gonosetae, lateral view; E. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, ventral view; F. Same, dorsal view. G. Female genitalia, lateral view; H. Same, ventral view. I. Close view of S8+9 with subgenitale in ventral view; J. Spermatheca, lateral view; K. Same, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A–B, G–H). Abbreviations: cc = callus cerci; da = dorsal arm of apodeme; ent = entoprocessus; gcr = gonocristae; gon = gonarcus; gst = gonosetae; S = sternum; S8+9 = fused eighth and ninth sterna; psp = pseudopenis; sa = submarginal apodeme; sm = spermatheca; sd = spermathecal duct; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct. FIGURE 30. Chrysopa formosa Brauer. Male. A. Right fore- and hind wing; B. Lateral habitus; C. Dorsal habitus; D. Head, frontal view; E. Hind pretarsal claw. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A–C), 0.5 mm (D). FIGURE 31. Chrysopa formosa Brauer. A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Gonarcus and entoprocessus, ventral view; D. Same, dorsal view; E. Gonarcus, gonosetae, pseudopenis, and entoprocessus, lateral view; F. Pseudopenis and gonosetae, lateral view; G. Hypandrium internum, dorsal view; H. Entoprocessus, lateral view; I. Close view gonocristae in ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A–B). Abbreviations: cc = callus cerci; da = dorsal arm of apodeme; ent = entoprocessus; gcr = gonocristae; gon = gonarcus; gst = gonosetae; hi = hypandrium internum; S = sternum; S8+9 = fused eighth and ninth sterna; psp = pseudopenis; sa = submarginal apodeme; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct. FIGURE 32. Chrysopa formosa Brauer. A. Female genitalia, lateral view; B. Same, ventral view. C. Subgenitale in ventral view; D. Spermatheca, lateral view; E. Same, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (A–B). Abbreviations: cc = callus cerci; inv = invagination; S = sternum; sm = spermatheca; sd = spermathecal duct; T = tergum; T9+ect = fused ninth tergum and ectoproct. Redescription Measurements ( ♂ n=1, ♀ n=2). Forewing: length ♂ 14.0 mm, ♀ 11.6–14.7 mm ; width ♂ 5.1 mm , ♀ 4.2–5.4 mm ; hindwing: length ♂ 12.5 mm , ♀ 10.6–13.0 mm; width ♂ 4.3 mm , ♀ 3.4–4.4 mm ; body length: ♂ 9.6 mm , ♀ 7.6–9.4 mm . Head ( Figs 30B–D ). Vertex moderately raised, with two dark spots (or with large red markings in some individuals), rounded in frontal view. Postorbital sclerite unmarked. Frons yellow (or with a large median dark band in some individuals), with a dark crescentic spot around the base of antennal toruli. Interantennal marking present. Clypeus yellow, lateral margins dark brown. Labrum yellow, covered with short yellow setae. Genae yellow, with a median transverse or round dark spot. Maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, pale yellow at both ends, terminal segment wholly brownish, covered with short dark brown setae. Antennal toruli yellow. Antennae shorter than forewing, yellow, unmarked, covered with short dark brown setae; scape yellow, unmarked, with short pale yellow setae; pedicel dark brown, distally pale yellow, with short yellow setae; flagellum pale yellow. Thorax ( Figs 30B–C ). Pronotum slightly wider than long (length 0.62–0.71 mm , width 0.95–1.11 mm ), green, covered with pale yellow setae, lateral margins with mixed dark brown and pale yellow setae. Meso- and metanotum green, sparsely covered with short yellow setae. Legs ( Fig. 30B ). Pale yellow, unmarked, covered with short brownish setae. Pretarsal claws with distinct basal dilation, less than 1/3 of the length of claws hook, quadrate at base ( Fig. 30E ). Wings ( Fig. 30A ). Forewing: Costal area relatively narrow at both ends, slightly wider at the longest subcostal veinlets (4–12); proximal 1/2 of 2–11 subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with three crossveins below pterostigma;basal subcostal crossvein(bsx)dark brown.Pterostigma pale yellow.Longitudinal veins pale green except subcostal veinlets at dark brown at proximal 2/ 3 in forewing. 11–13 radial cells (r cell); radial crossveins proximally dark brown. Proximal two branches of Rs vein dark brown; proximal three branches of pseudomedia and pseudocubita narrowly dark brown. Four Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). The basal crossvein between Rs and M (r-m 1 ) oblique, meets at subdistal margin of im cell. Two series of gradates, both meet psm; five inner gradates (ig) and seven outer gradates (og). Two intramedian cells; first intramedian cell (im1) ovate (length 0.72– 0.95 mm , width 0.27–1.00 mm). Second (m2) and third (m3) median cells of similar size (length of median cells: m2 = 1.13–1.50 mm ; m3 = 1.22–1.68 mm ). Three intracubital cells (two closed); first cubital crossvein proximal to second mediocubital crossvein (m-cu2); first (icu1), second (icu2) and third (icu3) intracubital cells of similar size (length of intracubital cells: icu1 = 0.67–0.93 mm ; icu2 = 0.90–1.25 mm ; icu3 = 1.14–1.40 mm ). Hindwing: Costal area narrow; proximal 1/2 of 2–13 subcostal veinlets dark brown. Subcostal area with four crossveins below pterostigma. Pterostigma pale yellow. 10–11 radial cells (r cell). Five Banksian cells (b cell); four lower Banksian cells (b’ cell). Two series of gradates, both meet psm; three inner gradates and six outer gradates. FIGURE 33. Chrysopa formosa Brauer. Female. A. Dorsal habitus; B. Head, frontal view; C. Same, lateral view; D. Hind pretarsal claw; E. Close view of dorsal habitus; F. Same, lateral habitus. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B–C); 2.0 mm (E–F). FIGURE 34. Chrysopa formosa Brauer. Female. A. Right fore- and hind wing; B. Head, frontal view; C. Same, lateral view; D. Hind pretarsal claw; E. Close view of dorsal habitus; F. Same, lateral habitus; G. Close view of head and pronotum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5.0 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B–C, G); 2.0 mm (E–F). Abdomen ( Figs 30B–C ). Tergum and sternum pale green, covered with short yellow setae, except S5–7 with dark brown setae. Male genitalia ( Figs 31A–I ). Tergum 8 (T8) quadrated in lateral view. T9+ectoproct rounded dorsally, covered with brown setae. Dorsal arm of apodeme (da) on T9+ectoproct arcuated, not extending beyond callus cercus; submarginal apodeme (sa) of S8+9 straight, extended upward distally. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 30–35 trichobothria. S8 quadrate in lateral view. S9 rectangular, pointed upward at subdistal margin, slightly longer than ectoproct in lateral view; two pairs of gonocristae (gcr), one large and one small, each with small and large teeth. Gonarcus (gon) broad, dorsally rounded, lateral horns arcuated in ventral view. Entoprocessus (ent) small, with distinct lateral horns. Arcessus (arc) absent. Pseudopenis arcuated, pointed distally. Long gonosetae (gst) in lateral pockets on gonarcus. Tignum absent. Hypandrium internum (hi) V-shaped with small and straight comes (c) in dorsal view. Female genitalia ( Figs 32A–E ). Tergum 8 (T8) subquadrate in lateral view. T9+ectoproct rounded in lateral view. Sternum 7 (S7) rectangular in ventral view. Gonaphophyses lateralis (gl) oblong in lateral view. Callus cerci (cc) oblong, with 29–32 trichobothria. Subgenitale (sg) broad, rounded, bilobed distally, heavily sclerotized, membrane proximally wide with highly sclerotized lateral plates. Spermatheca (sm) small, rounded, doughnut-shaped, with distinct median rounded invagination (inv) in lateral view. Spermathecal duct (sd) long, cylindrical, double-coiled, attached to bursa copulatrix (bc).