Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes) Author Melo, Bruno F Author Ota, Rafaela P Author Benine, Ricardo C Author Carvalho, Fernando R Author Lima, Flavio C T Author Mattox, George M T Author Souza, Camila S Author Faria, Tiago C Author Reia, Lais Author Roxo, Fabio F Author Valdez-Moreno, Martha Author Near, Thomas J Author Oliveira, Claudio text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2024-09-03 202 1 1 37 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101 0024-4082 A349939-8BEB-4BAA-9B6D-887B998559B5 Creagrutinae Miles, 1943 , new usage Type genus Creagrutus Günther, 1864 . Included genera: Caiapobrycon Malabarba and Vari, 2000 , Creagrutus , and Microgenys . Not sampled: Carlastyanax . Definition: The least inclusive crown clade that contains Creagrutus muelleri (Günther 1859) , Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba and Vari, 2000 , and Microgenys minuta Eigenmann, 1913 . This is a minimum-crown-clade definition. See Figure 3 for a reference phylogeny of Creagrutinae. Although not included in the reference phylogeny, Creagrutus muelleri resolves in a clade with other species of Creagrutus in a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters (Vari and Harlod 2001). Etymology: From the ancient Greek κΡεάγΡευτος (kɹˈiːɡɹuːtˈɑːs) meaning tearing off flesh. Remarks: Mirande et al. (2013) and Thomaz et al . (2015) resolved a clade containing Creagrutus and Carlastyanax . Mirande (2019) later expanded Creagrutini to include Planaltina , Lepidocharax , and Microgenys with two subclades: one with L. burnsi Ferreira et al ., 2011 and P. britskii Menezes et al ., 2003 (see Planaltininae ), and the second containing Microgenys , Carlastyanax , and Creagrutus . Ferreira et al . (2021) delimited Creagrutini to include Carlastyanax , Creagrutus , and Microgenys that was supported with 12 morphological synapomorphies. Our UCE phylogeny resolves Microgenys as the sister-lineage of a paraphyletic Creagrutus ( Fig. 3 ). Caiapobrycon tucurui is nested within Creagrutus ( Fig. 3 ). We delimit Creagrutinae to include the genera Caiapobrycon , Creagrutus , Microgenys , and Carlastyanax .