Systematic notes on three troglobitic Anapistula (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) spiders from China, with the descriptions of two new species
Author
Wang, Shuqiao
Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Author
Lu, Ying
The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
Author
Li, Ya
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1097-6192
Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Author
Li, Shuqiang
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416
The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
lisq@ioz.ac.cn
Author
Lin, Yucheng
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633
Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
linyucheng@scu.edu.cn
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-11-21
1130
167
189
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.91467
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.91467
1313-2970-1130-167
991C76184FD04191A4119F6AB775D3AF
DCA2FBA40D0051C18F31827BCF7D25C2
Anapistula walayaku S. Li & Lin
sp. nov.
Figs 3B, E, H, K
, 5A-E
, 8A-D
Type material.
Holotype
♀ and
paratypes
1♂ 6♀ (NHMSU-HA138),
China
: Yunnan Province, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Lushui County, Daxingdi Township, Walayaku Cave (
26.13198°N
,
098.86149°E
, 910 m), 10.VIII.2018, Y. Lin, Y. Li & Y. Shu leg.; 2♀ (NHMSU-HA106) from
China
: same data as for the holotype, 24.VI.2016, Y. Li leg. (NHMSU-HA106); 1♂, 1♀, 1 juv. (NHMSU-HA138), and 1♀ (NHMSU-HA106) used for sequencing, GenBank accession numbers given in Table
2
, same data as for preceding.
Etymology.
The new species is named after the type locality; noun.
Diagnosis.
The male of
A. walayaku
sp. nov. is similar to that of
A. panensis
Lin, Tao & Li, 2013 by the relatively small bulb and the ventrally extended cymbium, but it differs by the short, blunt C2 (cf. Figs
5B
,
8B
to Figs
6B
,
9B
), the concave margin at the expanded part of the cymbium (cf. Figs
5A, B
,
8A, B
to Figs
6A, B
,
9A, B
) and the straight embolic tip (vs. bent) (cf. Figs
5A
,
8A
to Figs
6A
,
9A
). The female differs from most
Anapistula
species by the rounded atrium and the wide MD forming a Y-shape with the Lb (Figs
5C, E
,
8C
). It seems similar to
A. choojaiae
but can be distinguished by the narrower base of the MD and having an earlobe-shaped Llb (cf. Figs
5E
,
8D
to
Rivera-Quiroz et al. 2021
: figs 8d, 9c).
Figure 5.
Anapistula walayaku
sp. nov.
A
male palp, prolateral
B
male palp, retrolateral
C
epigyne, ventral
D
vulva, ventral
E
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A = epigynal atrium; C1 = anterior projection of conductor; C2 = posterior projection of conductor; Cy = cymbium; E = embolus; Fd = fertilization duct; Lb = lateral branch of the MD; Llb = distal lobe of lateral branch; MD = median duct of vulva; Pa = palpal patella; S = spermatheca; Sd = sperm duct; Te = palpal tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (
A-E
).
Figure 6.
Anapistula panensis
A
male palp, prolateral
B
male palp, retrolateral
C
epigyne, ventral
D
vulva, ventral
E
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A = epigynal atrium; Co = conductor; C1 = anterior projection of conductor; C2 = posterior projection of conductor; Cy = cymbium; E = embolus; Fd = fertilization duct; Lb = lateral branch of the MD; Llb = distal lobe of lateral branch; MD = median duct of vulva; Pa = palpal patella; S = spermatheca; Sd = sperm duct; Te = palpal tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (
A-E
).
Figure 7.
Anapistula sanjiao
sp. nov.
A
male palp, prolateral
B
male palp, retrolateral
C
vulva, ventral
D
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A = epigynal atrium; Co = conductor; C1 = anterior projection of conductor; C2 = posterior projection of conductor; Cy = cymbium; E = embolus; Fd = fertilization duct; Lb = lateral branch of the MD; Llb = distal lobe of lateral branch; MD = median duct of vulva; Pa = palpal patella; S = spermatheca; Sd = sperm duct; Te = palpal tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (
A-D
).
Figure 8.
Anapistula walayaku
sp. nov.
A
male palp, prolateral
B
male palp, retrolateral
C
vulva, ventral
D
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A = epigynal atrium; C1 = anterior projection of conductor; C2 = posterior projection of conductor; Cy = cymbium; E = embolus; Fd = fertilization duct; Lb = lateral branch of the MD; Llb = distal lobe of lateral branch; MD = median duct of vulva; Pa = palpal patella; S = spermatheca; Sd = sperm duct; Te = palpal tibia. Scale bars: 0.10 (
A-D
).
Description.
Male
: Carapace nearly round in male, ovoid in female, pale centrally and pale brown marginally, smooth surface and two central short setae (Fig.
3B
). Lateral eyes vestigial, barely visible (Fig.
3B
). Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth. Labium rectangular, fused to sternum (Fig.
3E
). Sternum peltate, as long as wide, smooth, slightly convex, with sparse, short setae (Fig.
3E
). Legs same colour as carapace (Figs
3B, E
). Abdomen unknown. Spinnerets and anal tubercle pale. Somatic measurements: body length unknown. Carapace 0.32 long, 0.28 wide, 0.24 high; sternum 0.20 long, 0.20 wide; length of legs: I 1.00 (0.28, 0.12, 0.24, 0.14, 0.22), II 0.82 (0.20, 0.10, 0.18, 0.12, 0.22), III 0.76 (0.18, 0.10, 0.16, 0.10, 0.22), IV 0.80 (0.20, 0.08, 0.20, 0.14, 0.18); leg formula I-IV-II-III.
Palp
: small and weakly sclerotized. Femur swollen distally, with a long seta at retrolateral base. Patella short, as long as
1/2
length of tibia. Tibia contracted proximally, lacking setae. Cymbium with 4 retrolateral short and 3 dorsal long setae. Paracymbial rim concave, with 3 short setae (Figs
5B
,
8B
). Conductor sheet shaped, with two projections (C1 and C2), C1 sharp, C2 broad, blunt distally. Embolus long, needle shaped, located posterior to conductor, its end nearly reaches apex of C2. Sperm duct coiled ca 1.8 times inside bulb (Figs
5A, B
,
8A, B
).
Female
: prosoma pear-shaped, palps absent, others as in male (Fig.
3H, K
). Abdomen sub-spherical, yellow, dorsally darker than ventrally, cuticle with sparse, short setae and weakly sclerotized spots (Fig.
3H, K
). Somatic measurements: body length 0.64, carapace 0.32 long, 0.24 wide, 0.24 high; sternum 0.24 long, 0.24 wide; length of legs: I 0.96 (0.30, 0.12, 0.20, 0.18, 0.16), II 0.86 (0.28, 0.08, 0.18, 0.18, 0.14), III 0.70 (0.18, 0.08, 0.16, 0.14, 0.14), IV 0.82 (0.20, 0.06, 0.22, 0.14, 0.20); leg formula I-IV-II-III; abdomen 0.44 long, 0.40 wide, 0.44 high.
Epigyne
: flat, covered with sparse, long setae, without scape. Atrium nearly round, as broad as width of inner MD. Spermathecae spherical, separated by ca 1.2
x
their diameter, obviously sclerotized (Figs
3K
,
5C
,
8D
). Lateral branch diverging from MD forming
"Y"
(Figs
5D, E
,
8C, D
), as wide as
1/2
MD, same long as ⅔ of MD. Lateral branch runs along dorsal surface of spermathecae and ends in a short, transparent Llb. Fertilization ducts very short, nearly invisible (Figs
5D, E
,
8C, D
).
Natural history.
This species was found in the crevices of stalagmites and stalactites in the dark zone of a cave.
Distribution.
China (Yunnan) (Fig.
10
).