A reappraisal of the taxonomy of Neotropical Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera): with the description of a new genus from Cuba Author Ardila-Camacho, Adrian AE43CCE5-53B7-4BAF-B30A-46655E2E578D Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Depto. de Zoología, Apdo. Postal 70 - 153, 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico & Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente, Depto. de Biología, Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia aardilac88@gmail.com Author Rivera-Gasperín, Sara Lariza 3987E426-106F-466E-8F69-7FFC7A787CE8 Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. zaralariza@gmail.com Author Martins, Caleb Califre 0B11BA38-C69B-421E-BF70-190F9D6325C0 Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Depto. de Zoología, Apdo. Postal 70 - 153, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico. calebcalifre@gmail.com Author Contreras-Ramos, Atilano 1EC6004F-2261-415D-AC90-46D1B7344255 Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Depto. de Zoología, Apdo. Postal 70 - 153, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico. acontreras@ib.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-11-30 782 21 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1587 journal article 3099 10.5852/ejt.2021.782.1587 80d0667e-57fa-41f9-be4b-1af73772d90d 2118-9773 5761433 C5C2CA76-7879-4100-BDB5-53CCAE54053D Key to world genera of Sialidae (after Liu et al. (2015a) and Martins et al. (accepted); adults of † Sharasialis Ponomarenko, 2012 are unknown) Taxa that contain only extinct species are preceded by a dagger ( † ); taxa that contain both extant and extinct species are followed by “(+ † )”; taxa that contain only extant species are unannotated. 1. Forewing: MA 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8a–c) ................................................................... 2 ‒ Forewing: MA simple ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8g ‒i) ........................................................................... 6 2. Forewing: costal area only weakly broadened proximally (ca 1‒1.5× as wide as distal costal area) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8a–b); MA1 and MA2 ca 0.8–1.5× as long as MP1 and MP2 (length from its origin to its end on posterior wing margin) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8a–b) ......................................... 3 ‒ Forewing: costal area distinctly broadened proximally (ca 2× as wide as distal costal area) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8l); MA1 and MA2 ca 2× as long as MP1 and MP2 (length from its origin to its end on posterior wing margin) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8l) .......................................................................... ..................................................................................... † Proindosialis van der Weele, 1909 ( France ) 3. Forewing: ra-rp crossveins all more or less perpendicular to RA and RP ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8a, g); male abdomen: 10 th gonocoxites present (as a pair of weakly sclerotized lobes) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 9a‒d) ........................................................................................................................................... 4 ‒ Forewing: 1‒2 ra-rp crossveins inwardly oblique (i.e., proximal angle with RA >> distal angle with RA) ( Liu et al. 2015a : Fig. 8b–c ); male abdomen: 10 th gonocoxites absent ( Liu et al. 2015a : figs 10a‒d, 11a‒d) ............................................................................................................................. 5 4. Forewing: medio-cubital space with two crossveins ( Liu et al. 2015a : figs 1a, 8a); CuA 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : figs 1a, 8a) ................................................. Austrosialis Tillyard, 1919 ( Australia ) ‒ Forewing: medio-cubital space with one crossvein ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8j); CuA 3-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8j) ..................................... † Dobbertinia Handlirsch in Schröder, 1920 ( Germany ) 5. Forewing: costal space with proximal subcostal veinlets not strongly oblique ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8b); male abdomen: tergite 9 without a digitiform posteroventral process ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 10c); ectoproct with spiniform setae ventrally ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 10d); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 fused as a single sclerite ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 10f); gonapophyses 8 subtriangular in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 10f) .............................................................................................. .................................................................................................. Stenosialis Tillyard, 1919 ( Australia ) ‒ Forewing: costal space with (most) proximal subcostal veinlets strongly oblique ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8c); male abdomen: tergite 9 with a digitiform posteroventral process ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 11c); ectoproct without spiniform setae ventrally ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 11c); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 paired ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 11f); gonapophyses 8 broadly shield-like in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 11f) ................................................................................................................... ............................................... Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 part ( L. necopinata ) ( South Africa ) 6. Fore and hindwing: RP 4-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8e, g); male abdomen: 9 th gonocoxites widely separated ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 16b, d) ................................................................................ 7 ‒ Fore and hindwing: RP ≥ 5-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8h–i); male abdomen: 9 th gonocoxites closely adjacent medially ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 18h, l) ..................................................................... .......................................................... Sialis Latreille, 1802 (+†) (Asia, †Europe and North America) 7. Forewing: MP simple ( Liu et al. 2015a : figs 1c, 8e) ........................................................................ 8 ‒ Forewing: MP 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8f–g) .................................................................. 10 8. Fore and hindwing: RP basal branch simple ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 1c) ............................................. ................................................... Leptosialis Esben-Petersen, 1920 part ( L. africana ) ( South Africa ) ‒ Fore and hindwing: RP basal branch 2-branched ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8e–f) ................................. 9 9. Hindwing: intramedial space with 2 crossveins ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8e); male abdomen: sternite 9 without an elongate median lobe ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 13b–c); ectoproct without an elongate and weakly sclerotized projection ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 13a, c) .............................................................. ............................................. Indosialis Lestage, 1927 (+†) (Southern Asia, east Pakistan , † Turkey ) ‒ Hindwing: intramedial space with one crossvein ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8k); male abdomen: sternite 9 with an elongate median lobe ( Nel et al. 2002 : fig. 5); ectoproct with an elongate and weakly sclerotized projection ( Nel et al. 2002 : fig. 5) .............................† Eosialis Nel et al. , 2002 ( France ) 10. Male abdomen: gonostyli 9 absent ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c–d); gonocoxites 11 not fused laterally with ectoproct ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c–d); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 without longitudinal median incision ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 15d) .....................................................................................11 ‒ Male abdomen: gonostyli 9 present ( Figs 3‒5 ); gonocoxites 11 fused laterally with ectoproct ( Figs 3‒5 ); female abdomen: gonocoxites 8 with longitudinal median incision ( Fig. 6C– D ) .......... .............................................................................................................. Caribesialis gen. nov. ( Cuba ) 11. Male abdomen: gonocoxites 9 large, not subtriangular ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c); ectoprocts free ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c–d); female abdomen: tergite 9 in lateral view with posterodorsal margin not projected, dorsal region straight ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 15c); gonapophyses 8 large and plate-like in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 15b, d) ................................................................................. 12 ‒ Male abdomen: gonocoxites 9 small, subtriangular ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 16c); ectoprocts fused sagittally and closely surrounding the anus ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 16c–d); female abdomen: tergite 9 in lateral view with posterodorsal margin projected into a convex curvature ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 16e); gonapophyses 8 small and subtriangular in ventral view ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 16f) ......... ............................................................................................... Protosialis van der Weele, 1909 ( USA ) 12. Forewing: crossvein 1r-m arising from MA (generally from its base) ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8f); base of CuP clearly distant from A1 base ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8e); male abdomen: median processes of 11 th gonocoxites directed posteroventrad ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c–d) ......................................... 13 ‒ Forewing: crossvein 1r-m arising from stem of M ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8d); base of CuP close to A1 base ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8d); male abdomen: median processes of 11 th gonocoxites directed posterodorsad ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 12c–d) ......................... Haplosialis Navás, 1927 ( Madagascar ) 13. Forewing: costal veinlets absent on pterostigma region ( Huang et al. 2016 : fig. 2a); crossvein 1a2– a3 absent ( Huang et al. 2016 : fig. 2a); male abdomen: ectoproct with a slender, weakly sclerotized projection ( Huang et al. 2016 : fig. 2b) .................... † Haplosialodes Huang et al. , 2016 ( Myanmar ) ‒ Forewing: costal veinlets present on pterostigma region ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8f); crossvein 1a2–a3 present ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 8f); male abdomen: ectoproct without a slender, weakly sclerotized projection ( Liu et al. 2015a : fig. 14c) ................................................................................................. ................................................ Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (+†) ( Mexico , Central and South America)