A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar Author Daly, Douglas C. Author Raharimampionona, Jeannie Author Federman, Sarah text Adansonia 2015 2015-12-31 37 2 277 345 https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2522e05a-0ab0-3e53-96aa-d45147a2ca6c/ journal article 10.5252/a2015n2a2 1639-4798 5208903 Canarium egregium Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. ( Figs 6 ; 11 ). Small to medium-sized trees, leaves 6-8-jugate, leaflet apex gradually acuminate, and lateral leaflet base truncate to slightly cordate; distinguished from C. madagascariense Engl. by the stipules inserted 2-5 mm from petiole insertion (vs at petiole base in C. madagascariense ), stipules symmetrical (vs oblique), inflorescence with darker ferrugineous pubescence, infructescences shorter ( c. 11 vs 18 cm ) and fruits slightly obovoid (vs narrowly ovoid). TYPUS. — Madagascar . Prov. Antsiranana , Diana , Ambilobe , Région Anaborano , Galoko Mountains , 300-400 m elev., 13°35’19”S , 48°42’33”E , 10.II.2006 , D. C. Daly , J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13103 (holo-, NY !; iso-, G!, MO !, TEF !) . PARATYPI . — Madagascar . Antsiranana , Diana , Ambanja , Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsaratanana , 561 m , 13°53’47”S , 048 °51’57”E , 17.XI.2001 , P. Antilahimena 834 ( MO ); Diana, Ambilobe, Anaborano, Galoko Mountains , 300-400 m , 13°35’19”S , 48°42’33”E , 10.II.2006 , D. C. Daly , J. Raharimampionona & R. Ranaivojaona 13096, 130988 ( NY , TEF ) . DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium egregium , sp. nov. is known only from the Sambirano region, in the upper Ramena and the Réserve Naturelle Intégrale de Tsaratanana, where it is a small to medium-sized tree in moist forests with a relatively closed canopy c. 25 m high, on steep slopes with rock outcrops, between 150-560 m elevation. Flowering Feb., fruiting Nov. FIG. 10.— Distributions of Canarium elegans Daly,Raharim.& Federman , sp.nov. and C. scholasticum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet egregium means “to stand apart,” which is certainly true of this distinctive new species. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 13-20 m × 15-47 cm diam, with plank buttresses to 1 m high. Outer bark gray, thin, rough, some raised lenticels, shed in thin, irregular, variable-sized plates; inner bark reddish(-tan). Leaves 30-35 cm long, 6-8-jugate, petiole 4.5-6.8 cm long, usually dilated at base, petiole and rachis on young leaves with dense fine straight (but variously oriented) hairs to 0.7 mm long (these sometimes deciduous), also with dense capitate glands and dense flexuous hairs to 0.2 mm long; stipules inserted 2-5 mm from petiole insertion, 5-8 mm long, broadly ovate or possibly suborbicular, with dense appressed to ascending ferrugineous hairs, stipule scar c. 4 mm long; basal petiolules 4-5 mm long, other laterals 5-11 mm long, terminal 20-25 mm long, pulvinuli FIG. 11. — Canarium egregium Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. : A , branchlet with pistillate flowers and immature fruits; B , pistillate flower with bracteoles and petal (left); C , young developing fruit with persistent bracteole, calyx and staminodes; D, adaxial and abaxial views of staminode; E , basal portion of leaf with detail of stipule; F , portion of infructescence; A -D , Daly et al. 13103 (NY sheet and field photos by D. Daly); E , F , Antilahimena 834 (MO). Scale bars: A, E, F, 2 cm; B, C, 5 mm; D, 1 mm; E’, not to scale. inconspicuous; basal leaflets 3.5-4.5 × 2.6-3 cm , broadly ovate, other laterals 6-19 × 2.8-6.6 cm , oblong(-lanceolate) to (broadly) ovate, terminal one 8-14 × 4.1-5.5 cm , ovate to broadly elliptic; leaflet apex gradually acuminate (rarely acute), the acumen to 10 (20) mm long, base of laterals cordate to truncate, subsymmetric, less often slightly oblique; margin often slightly revolute, leaflets coriaceous, drying grayishbrown, abaxial side somewhat glossy and adaxial side less so; secondary venation weakly brochidodromous with some festooning, secondary veins in 13-19 pairs, slightly spreading (almost straight), insertion excurrent, spacing decreasing toward apex and especially toward base, angle slightly acute but increasing toward the base, some perpendicular intersecondary veins and (often multiple) perpendicular epimedial tertiaries, the intercostal tertiaries alternate-percurrent, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on leaflet abaxial side the midvein and secondaries prominent, the rest narrowly prominulous, the surface papillate and glabrous or the midvein with hairs as on the rachis; on adaxial side all venation narrowly prominulous except the midvein sunk in a groove, glabrous. Pistillate inflorescences (staminate unknown) 15.5-23 cm long, robust, the secondary axes 2-6 (13.5) cm long, axes with dense fine darkly ferrugineous hairs to 0.6 mm ; bracteoles 6-11 mm long, broadly ovate, slightly acuminate and with slightly constricted base, the scars broad and semi-clasping; pedicel 0-2 mm long, slightly clavate. Pistillate flowers c. 1 cm long; calyx deeply cupular and fleshy, c. 7 mm long, red, the lobes rounded perdepressed-deltate, 1-3 mm long, surface with dense thick retrorse-appressed to descending ferrugineous hairs to 0.2 mm ; corolla (passed) red, exposed part negligible. Infructescences 11 cm long, secondary axes to 3 cm long; persistent bracts on primary axes c. 8 mm long, fleshy, ovate, semi-clasping, the margin long-ciliate. Fruiting pedicel c. 4 mm long, subcylindric, slender, sparsely raised-lenticellate; fruiting calyx large, c. 12 mm long, the lobes only slightly distinct, nearly patent, chartaceous, sparsely raised-lenticellate, with long, appressed, ferrugineous hairs. Fruits (immature) 4.3-5 × 1.9-2 cm , narrowly ovoid (slightly obovoid when very young), apex slightly acuminate but apex tip truncate, base acute, surface smooth or sparsely and finely lenticellate, glabrous or with a few scattered ascending fine white hairs to 1 mm long near apex. NOTES Canarium egregium , sp. nov. belongs to a group of 10 species that all have relatively large, broad leaflets with truncate to slightly cordate base. Like C. madagascariense , it has numerous leaflets (6-8 vs 7-10 pairs), stipules conspicuous, leaflet gradually acuminate, primary bracts on inflorescence large and often persistent, calyx in fruit large, and glabrous fruit. Canarium egregium , sp. nov. differs by the stipules 2-5 mm from petiole insertion (vs at petiole base), the stipules symmetrical (vs oblique), leaflet secondary vein angle more acute (except at base), inflorescence with darker ferrugineous pubescence, infructescences shorter ( c. 11 vs 18 cm ), fruiting pedicel shorter ( c. 4 vs 8 mm ), and distinct fruit shape (slightly obovoid vs narrowly ovoid).