A new species and notes on unusual natural history of Cladochaeta Coquillett, 1900 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Author Carvalho-Filho, Fernando Da Silva Author Pirani, Gabriela Author Kloss, Thiago Gechel text Zootaxa 2018 2018-04-18 4410 3 483 496 journal article 30239 10.11646/zootaxa.4410.3.3 8797b5a9-cd30-441a-864f-295ad9869b90 1175-5326 1221792 3179E773-1785-4CAC-84A7-6FB4C482F433 Cladochaeta atlantica Pirani & Amorim, 2016 ( Figs. 27–28 ) Cladochaeta atlantica Pirani & Amorim, 2016 : 327 –328, Figs. 24 A–F, 25 A–C , 34 A , 35 L Material examined . BRAZIL : Espírito Santo : Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia , Santa Teresa , Atlantic Forest , 550m , dense ombrophilous montane forest, T. G. Kloss [collector], reared from spider egg sacs of the spider Cryptachaea migrans , 23.X.2014 ( 1 ♂ ), 31.X.2014 ( 1 ♂ ), 04.XII.2014 ( 1 ♀ ) (all deposited in MPEG ) . Description of female. Differs from the description of the male showed by Pirani & Amorim (2016) as follow: Female terminalia ( Fig. 28 ): Hypoproct narrowed distally, with microtrichosity and setae concentrated on posterior margin. Apical sternite wider than high, entire, with posterior margin bilobed, with three setae and microtrichosity restricted to the lobes. Penultimate sternite broad, shield-like, with a deep median cleft with almost parallel inner edges in posterior margin, without setae. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL—Brazil ( Espírito Santo , São Paulo ). Remarks. The female terminalia of C. atlantica is similar to that of C. labidia Grimaldi & Nguyen in having apical sternite with posterior margin entire and bilobed, but the number of setae in the lobes are different between these species (three in C. atalntica and about eight in C. labidia ). Biology. The specimens of C. atlantica were obtained from the spider egg sacs of Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884) ( Araneae : Theridiidae ) ( Fig. 29 ) collected in a montane ombrophilous Atlantic Forest at an altitude of 550 m . This spider utilizes dry leaf as retreat ( Figs. 29–30 ). Of 124 collected egg sacs, only three were attacked by this fly. One egg mass was completely consumed by the fly larva, while the other two were partially consumed and from these emerged spiderlings. This is the first record of a species of Cladochaeta attacking a spider egg sac. The breeding habits of drosphilids are diversified, but there are few records of these flies parasitizing the egg sacs of spiders, which are restricted to some species of Scaptomyza Hardy (subgenus Titanochaeta Knab ) in the Hawaiian Islands and Australia , that attack Thomisidae eggs (Wirth 1952, Hardy 1965 , Austin 1985 ).