A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae Author Zheng, Jinshui Author Wittouck, Stijn Author Salvetti, Elisa Author Franz, Charles M. A. P. Author Harris, Hugh M. B. Author Mattarelli, Paola Author O’Toole, Paul W. Author Pot, Bruno Author Vandamme, Peter Author Walter, Jens Author Watanabe, Koichi Author Wuyts, Sander Author Felis, Giovanna E. Author Gänzle, Michael G. Author Lebeer, Sarah text International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2020 2020-04-15 70 2782 2858 journal article 7136 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 c650e745-85a1-48ca-b29a-b1714f644bae 4730536 DESCRIPTIONOF APILACTOBACILLUS GEN. NOV. Apilactobacillus (A.pi.lac.to.ba.cil'lus. L. fem. n. apis bee; N.L. masc. n. Lactobacillus a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n. Apilactobacillus a lactobacillus from bees). Gram positive, rod-shaped, heterofermentative. Growth is generally observed in the range of 15–37 °C; many strains grow at acidic conditions below pH 3.0. Strains in the genus have small genomes ranging from 1.42 Mbp for Apilactobacillus kosoi to 1.58 Mbp for Apilactobacillus quenuiae ; the mol% G+C content of DNA ranges from 30.5 to 36.4. All strains in the genus convert fructose to mannitol; strains in thegenus typically ferment very few carbohydrates including the pollen and bee-associated carbohydrates fructose, glucose, and sucrose but not maltose or pentoses. Comparable to Fructilactobacillus , Apilactobacillus has an insect-associated lifestyle and occurs on flowers, which serve as hub for dispersal of lactobacilli, and insects [ 320 ]. In contrast to Fructilactobacillus , Apilactobacillus has adapted to bees including honeybees ( A. apinorum , A. kunkeei ) and wild bees ( A. timberlakei , A. micheneri , A. quenuiae ). In the bee and bumblebee gut, Apilactobacillus is associated with its homofermentative sister genus Bombilactobacillus . Aphylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA genes of all species in the genus Apilactobacillus is provided in Figure S6R . The type speciesof the genusis Apilactobacillus kunkeei comb. nov. Apilactobacilus was previously referred to as L. kunkeei group.