Taxonomic review of Ctenodontina Enderlein, 1914 with the revalidation of Catostola Hull, 1958 (Diptera: Asilidae: Asilinae) and description of a new species Author Camargo, Alexssandro Author Vieira, Rodrigo Author Rafael, José Albertino text Zootaxa 2023 2023-04-28 5276 1 71 journal article 57608 10.11646/zootaxa.5276.1.1 590e0e3a-f3ea-4420-b976-b668987049e6 1175­5334 7907294 92300500-BB24-45B0-8ADD-977C3220A069 Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. ( Figs 9–13 , 44 ) Asilus baletus Walker, 1849: 427 ; Walker, 1855: 699 , 704 (species list); Williston, 1891: 90 (catalogue); Kertész, 1909: 251 (catalogue); Hull, 1962 (2): 545 (synopsis of world fauna); Martin & Papavero, 1970: 88 (catalogue). Lecania baleta ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue). Ctenodontina baleta ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 , figs. 1, 6, 24–36, 34–47 (combination); Sánchez & Camargo, 2021: 278 (key). Pachychoeta caracasae Martin, 1975: 85 ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym). Lecania ? caracasae ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 37 (combination and (?) junior synonym); Papavero, 2009: 31 (catalogue). Pachychoeta inca Martin, 1975: 86 ; Vieira, Ayala-Landa & Rafael, 2017: 285 (synonym). Lecania inca ; Artigas & Papavero, 1995: 38 (combination); Papavero, 2009 (catalogue). Diagnosis. Face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally ( Fig. 9C–D ); thorax ochre brown pruinose with dark brown to black paramedian stripes ( Fig. 9B ); wings yellowish translucent ( Fig. 10C ); legs mostly yellow, except mid femur apically and hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally ( Fig. 9A–B ); abdomen dark brown pruinose with lateral and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose ( Fig. 9A–B ); terminalia shining black ( Fig. 10E–G ); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip ( Figs 10E , 11E ); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia ( Figs 10E, G , 11B–D ). Redescription. Holotype male ( Figs 9–10 ). Head ( Fig. 9C–D ): eyes black; face yellowish pruinose; mystacal macrosetae yellowish white with seven dark brown macrosetae mid-dorsally ( Fig. 9C–D ); subvibrissal macrosetae and setae yellowish white; gena yellowish pruinose; palpus dark brown almost black with yellowish white macrosetae apically, other setae dark brown, except for a few whitish setae ventrally at base; proboscis black, labial setae yellowish, proboscial setae white; antennal socket black, yellowish pruinose; frons golden brownish pruinose; orbital setae black; ocellar tubercle black, golden brownish pruinose with 4 proclinate black setae; vertex golden brown pruinose; occiput white pruinose; 14–15 dark yellow postocular macrosetae (proximal 5 black), other dorsal occipital setae whitish with a few black setae dorsally; lateral occipital and lower occipital setae white, slightly branched. Antenna: scape and pedicel black, black setose, sparsely brownish pruinose; postpedicel black, brownish pruinose with 4–5 short yellowish setae dorsally at base; stylus dark reddish brown, first article minute, second article long and slender, slightly enlarged sub-apically ending in a dark reddish tip ( Fig. 10A–B ). Thorax ( Fig. 9A–B ): ochre brown pruinose; antepronotum and postpronotum ochre brown pruinose laterally; scutum with a pair of dark brown almost black pruinose paramedian stripes rounded anteriorly, laterally and fading after postsutural spots; pre and postsutural spots and prescutellar spots dark brown almost black pruinose; median stripe brown pruinose; postalar wall and scutellum greyish brown pruinose ( Fig. 10D ); pleura ochre brown pruinose mixed with small spots of greyish pruinosity. Chaetotaxy: antepronotal macrosetae black and setae yellowish; 2 notopleural; 2 supra alar; 1 postalar and 4 pairs of dorsocentral postsutural black macrosetae; scutum with short black acrostichal setae (except on paramedian stripes, asetose); scutellum with short sparse black discal scutellar setae with a few yellowish setae mixed ( Fig. 10D ); anepisternum with thin black setae dorsally and white posteriorly; katatergite with yellowish macrosetae and white setae; remainder of pleura with thin and very sparse white setae. Wings ( Fig. 10C ): yellowish translucent; veins dark brown, becoming reddish at base; R 4 slightly rounded at the junction with R 5 ; bifurcation of R 4 and R 5 beyond discal cell at a distance equivalent to the length of two crossvein r-m ; crossvein r-m shortly after the middle of discal cell (at a distance equivalent to the length of one crossvein mm ); cells m 3 and cua closed before wing margin. Halteres: dark yellow, knob slightly lighter. Legs ( Fig. 9A–B ): coxae and trochanters ochre brown pruinose, coxae with posterior area greyish pruinose; femora yellow, hind femur slightly darker, mid femur with a dark brown to black anterodorsal spot apically, hind femur with apical third black and an anterodorsal black stripe fading proximally; tibiae yellow, fore and mid tibiae with a brown spot anteroventrally at apex and hind tibia with apical third and ventrally dark brown to black; fore and mid tarsi dark yellowish brown with first tarsomeres dark yellow and apex of last tarsomeres black, hind tarsus dark brown to black. Chaetotaxy: coxae with white macrosetae and setae, hind coxa with yellowish macrosetae; hind trochanter with 1 anterior and 3 posterior yellow macrosetae; fore femur with 10–11 ventral yellow macrosetae; mid femur with 6–7 ventral (yellow), 6 anteroventral (proximal one yellow), 3 anterior, 1 posterodorsal preapical and 2 posterior (yellow) black macrosetae; hind femur with 5–6 ventral (yellow), 2 anteroventral preapical, 2–3 anterodorsal (proximal one yellow), 1 pair dorsal preapical and 1 pair apical black macrosetae; femora black setose anterodorsally and yellow posteroventrally; tibiae with black macrosetae and short black setae anterodorsally and short yellowish setae posteroventrally; tarsi with black macrosetae and setae; brush setae golden reddish brown; pulvilli dark yellow, empodium reddish; claws black. Abdomen ( Fig. 9A–B ): T1–6 dark brown pruinose dorsally with lateral margins and posterior corners greyish brown pruinose; T1 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae and a tuft of long marginal lateral setae; T2 and T3 with 7–8 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; T4–T7 with 5–6 yellowish marginal lateral macrosetae; other short, sparse, appressed setae yellowish, except mid-dorsally with brown setae; sternites greyish brown pruinose with sparse, long, thin whitish setae. Terminalia ( Figs 10E–G , 11 , 12 ): shining black, except cercus, dark reddish to almost black; terminalia black setose, except cercus, subepandrial sclerite, apex of epandrium, apex of gonostylus, lateral and posterior margins of S8 with golden reddish brown and yellow setae; T8 with 7–8 black marginal lateral macrosetae ( Figs 10F , 11F ); epandrium with 2–3 long and stout black macrosetae at mid-anterior ventral margin ( Figs 10E–G , 11E ); epandrium slowly narrowing towards tip with a strong narrowing sub-apically forming a finger-like projection with a pointed tip ( Figs 10E , 11E ); S8 trapezoidal on anterior half with a rectangular mid-posterior projection ending beyond apex of terminalia ( Figs 10E, G , 11B–C ); hypandrium with posterior margin concave ( Fig. 11G ); gonocoxite narrowing towards tip, curved upwards medially with a rounded apex ( Fig. 12A, D–E ); gonocoxite straight apically in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 12B–C ); gonocoxal apodeme wrench-like anteriorly ( Fig. 12D–E ); gonostylus blade-like, pointed distally ( Fig. 12F ); ejaculatory apodeme fan shaped, pointed posteriorly; phallus with prongs thin and long ( Fig. 12A, G ); cercus and subepandrial sclerite short with rounded apex ( Fig. 12H–I ). FIGURE 9. Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. , holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral (insert: labels, not to scale); B. Same, dorsal; C. Head, frontal; D. Same, lateral. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 10. Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. , holotype male. A. Postpedicel and stylus, anterior; B. Same, dorsal; C. Wing, dorsal; D. Scutellum, dorsal; E. Terminalia, lateral; F. Same, dorsal; G. Same, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; epand: epandrium; f a styl: first article of stylus; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; pped: postpedicel; s a styl: second article of stylus; st: sternite; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 11. Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. , male. A. Terminalia, dorsal; B. Same, ventral; C. Same, lateral; D. Sternite 8, ventral; E. Epandrium, lateral; F. Tergite 8, dorsal; G. Hypandrium, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; ph: phallus; st: sternite; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite; tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 12. Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. , male. A. Gonopods + phallus, lateral; B. Same, dorsal; C. Same, ventral; D. Gonopods, lateral; E. Gonocoxite, lateral; F. Gonostylus, lateral; G. Phallus, lateral; H. Cercus and subepandrial sclerite, lateral; I. Same, ventral. Abbreviations: cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; goncx: gonocoxite; goncx apod: gonocoxal apodeme; gonst: gonostylus; ph: phallus; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite. Scale bar 1 mm. FIGURE 13. Catostola baleta ( Walker, 1849 ) comb. nov. , female. A. Terminalia, lateral; B. Same, dorsal; C. Same, ventral; D. Dissected terminalia, lateral; E. Same, dorsal; F. Same, ventral; G. Spermathecae, dorsal; H. genital fork, detail, dorsal. I. Same, lateral. Abbreviations: acc gl: accessory gland; apod: apodeme of genital fork; cerc: cercus; gen fk: genital fork; lat sc: lateral sclerite of genital fork; spe du: spermathecal duct; spe pu: spermathecal pump; spmth: spermathecae; st: sternite; tg: tergite. Scale bar 1 mm. Holotype condition. Right postpedicel missing ( Fig. 9B–C ). Female ( Fig. 13 ). Similar to male, except last abdominal segments and terminalia. T 7 and terminalia shining black, T 8 dark reddish at posterior margin; T 7 and T 8 black setose; T 9+10 and cercus yellowish setose; S8 and hypoproct reddish yellow setose ( Fig. 13A–C ); opening of genital fork on the S8 forming a ventral pronounced keel (like a boat rudder) ( Fig. 13D ); opening of genital fork and hypoproct with dark reddish spines ( Fig. 13A–F ); spermathecae rounded ( Fig. 13G ), reaching abdominal segment 6; spermathecal pump about 3 times smaller than length of spermathecal duct, slightly turgid ( Fig. 13G ); spermathecal ducts ending separately at genital fork ( Fig. 13G–H ); apodeme of genital fork connected laterally with lateral sclerites ( Fig. 13G–I ); lateral sclerites connected with T 9+10; apodeme of genital fork without a mid-dorsal ridge ( Fig. 13G–I ). Variation. Hind femur entirely black, except ventral basal half dark reddish; hind femur yellow at base and ventrally, slowly becoming black towards apex; Taxonomic discussion . This species can be differentiated from other Catostola species by the absence of femoral swelling with short, stout macrosetae on hind femora and by the colour of legs mostly yellow ( Fig. 9A ). The most similar species are Catostola martini ( Fisher, 1992 ) comb. nov. , Catostola indecisa sp. nov. , and Catostola complicata ( James, 1953 ) comb. nov. It can be distinguished from the two first by the yellow colour of the hind femur with only the apex and an anterior band dark brown to black fading proximally ( Fig. 9A ) and from the last one by the shape of the epandrial finger-like projection that becomes constricted only sub-apically ( Fig. 11E ) and the gonocoxite apex that also only becomes constricted sub-apically ( Fig. 12E ). Distribution ( Fig. 44 ). Colombia (new record) ( La Guajira , Magdalena , Cesar and Tolima ) and Venezuela ( Vargas , Aragua , Miranda , Carabobo and Guárico ) ( Vieira et al. 2017 ). Material examined. Holotype . Type / VENEZ [ UELA ] / 46 75 [underside of label] / Venezuela / One of Walkers series so named eaw / TYPE Pachychaeta baleta (Wlk) N. Papavero det. / Holotype Asilus baletus Walker det. J.E. Chainey, 1985 / bar code NHMUK010632841 ( Fig. 9A [insert]) (♁ NHM ) . Additional material. [ COLOMBIA ], La Guajira , 11°20′23″N 72°36′40″W ] Guayra, Haeberlin / 2075 / La Guayra Haeberl. (1♁ MfN ) ; Rio Frio [ 10°53′59″N 74°10′11″W ], Magd.[alena], Colombia G. Salt 20.x.1927 / C. H. Curran Collection Acc. 31144 (1♁ AMNH ) ; Brit.[ish] Mus.[eum] 1925-576 / Colombia: Lake Sapatoza region, [ Cesar ], Chiriguana [Chiringuaná] District. [ 09°21′42″N 73°36′07″W ], viii–xi.1924 . C. Alen. / Ommatius sp. Det. S.W. Bromley 1931 / facies like Ommatius , but no trace of feathering on the antennae (1♁ NHM ) ; [Colombia, Tolima ], Ambalema [ 04°46′58″N 74°45′48″W ] / 7282 (1♁ MfN ) ; [ VENEZUELA ], Distrito Federal [ Vargas ], Rio Oritapo [ 10°36′02″N 66°29′59″W ], 200 m , col.: M. Ayala, 11.6.[19]67 (1♁ & 1♀ INPA ) ; [ Carabobo ] San Esteban [ 10°25′30″N 68°00′48″W ], Venez.[uela], xi.[19]39, Pablo Anduze / Lecania n. sp. near apicalis Brom. Det. S.W. Bromley ( 1♀ MZUSP ) ; Venezuela, Maracay [ 10°14′49″N , 67°35′45″W ], ges. P. Vogl ( 1♀ INPA ) ; Vale Seco, Carabobo [ 10°11′35″N , 67°58′48″W ], Venez.[uela] Jan.[eiro] [19]40, P.Anduze (1♁ MZUSP ) ; [Venezuela], 7.x.1967 , Edo.[Estado] Guárico , La Puerta, [San Francisco de Tiznados-Qda. Coronado 09°31′05″N 67°37′29″W ], col. Adolfo Ayala [ two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA ) ; Same data [ two specimens on same pin] (1♁ & 1♀ INPA ) ; Venezuela F. Kummerow S. (1♁ & 1♀ MfN ) .