First record of the false violin spider of the family Drymusidae (Araneae, Synspermiata, Scytodoidea) from Venezuela, with the description of a new species
Author
Villarreal, Osvaldo
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-3723
Departamento de Invertebrados - Laboratorio de Aracnologia, Campus de Ensino e Pesquisa do Museu Nacional - Predio Administrativo, Avenida Bartolomeu de Gusmao, 875, RJ, CEP 20941 - 160 Sao Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil & Museo del Instituto de Zoologia Agricola, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Av 19 de Abril c / c Av Casanova Godoy, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela
Author
Chame-Vazquez, David
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-153X
Laboratorio de Aracnologia y Entomologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste S. C., Instituto Politecnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, CP. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
chamevazquez@gmail.com
text
Zoosystematics and Evolution
2023
2023-03-29
99
1
273
280
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99227
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.99227
1860-0743-1-273
86213715F1FC4838BC478464DC0B9F4B
F3161813062A5D37A0C4DBE590620DF8
Drymusa huberi
sp. nov.
Figs 1-12
, 13-20
, 24
, 49
, 50
Type data.
Venezuela • ♀
holotype
: MIZA0105853; Yaracuy, La
Guaquira
;
10.2951°N
,
68.6535°W
; 120 m a.s.l.; 16 Feb 2020; O. Villarreal, B.A. Huber, Q. Arias C. leg.; forest along stream • Paratype: 1 ♂ same data as the holotype.
Figures 1-12.
Drymusa huberi
sp. nov., female holotype (
1-4, 9, 11
) and male paratype (
5-8, 10, 12
).
1, 5.
Prosoma, dorsal view;
3, 7.
Same, ventral view;
2, 6.
Opisthosoma, dorsal view;
4, 8, 11
Same, ventral view (
11
depilated);
9, 10.
Prosoma, frontal view;
12.
Same, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
1-12
).
Figures 13-20.
Drymusa huberi
sp. nov.
13.
Female genitalia, ventral view;
14.
Same (cleared), dorsal view;
15.
Male palp, prolateral view;
16, 20.
Same, ventral view (
20
cleared);
17.
Detail of vulva (cleared), dorsal view;
18.
Male palpal bulb, apical view;
19.
Same, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
13-16, 18-20
). Abbreviations: E-embolus, ep-epigastric plate, F-fundus, Fm-femur, Ho-hood of the post-epigastric plate, pp-post-epigastric plate, Pt-patella, S-spermathecae, Sd-Sperm duct, Ss-Spermatheca stalk, Ta-tarsus, Ti-tibia.
Etymology.
The specific epithet is a name in apposition to honour the arachnologist Bernhard A. Huber in recognition of his prolific and excellent contributions to the taxonomy and systematics of the pholcid spiders of Venezuela and the world. Bernhard was also one of the collectors of the type specimens.
Diagnosis.
The vulva of
D. huberi
sp. nov. resembles those of
D. canhemabae
Brescovit, Bonaldo & Rheims, 2004 and
D. colligata
Bonaldo, Rheims & Brescovit, 2006 by the unbranched, long spermathecae (Figs
14
,
17
). They differ by the spermathecae with a long stalk that is not coiled and the distal part globular (Figs
14
,
17
), whereas
D. canhemabae
has coiled spermathecae (see
Brescovit et al. (2004)
: fig. 5; Fig.
29
) and
D. colligata
has shorter spermatheca, with its distal part swollen (not globular) (see
Bonaldo et al. (2006)
: fig. 6; Fig.
30
). Females of
D. huberi
sp. nov. also resemble those of
D. dinora
Valerio, 1971 by the long and broad epigastric plate, but
D. huberi
sp. nov. has a median hood on the post-epigastric plate, absent in
D. dinora
(see
Valerio (1971)
: figs 8, 9; Fig.
20
),
D. canhemabae
, and
D. colligata
. Males of
D. huberi
sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from all congeneric species by having the embolus shorter than the bulb length (Figs
15
,
16
,
18
,
20
).
Description.
Female (Holotype).
Habitus
.
Carapace pear-shaped, pars cephalica elongated, with many long, procumbent setae (Figs
1
,
9
). Opisthosoma elongated, with posterior two thirds attenuated and covered sparsely with long, brown setae (Fig.
2
).
Colouration
.
Carapace yellowish, margins on pars thoracica tinged with purple-brown and a median broad V-shaped pattern; pars cephalica reticulated with purple-brown maculations (Fig.
1
). Chelicerae orange, with brownish maculations. Endites and labium purple-brown, the latter darker than the former. Sternum purple-brown, except on lateral margins, which are yellowish, with one darker spot on the posterior margin (arrow in Fig.
3
). Palp with femur and patella mostly yellowish, tinged with purple-brown on lateral sides; tibia and tarsus mostly purple-brown.
Legs
: femora mostly purple-brown, with one basal and one distal yellowish ring; patellae mostly purple-brown; tibiae mostly yellowish, with one basal, thin purple-brown ring and one distal purple-brown ring; metatarsi and tarsi yellowish. Dorsum of prosoma grey-white with three W-shaped dark brown bands, posterior third mostly dark brown (Fig.
2
). Venter purple-brown, with pale-yellowish spots on the epigastric area (Fig.
4
).
Female genitalia
.
Epigastric plate rectangular, large and about half the opisthosoma length (Figs
4
,
11
); posterior corners are more sclerotised than the plate (arrow in Fig.
13
). Post-epigastric plate crescent-shaped, with a small median hood. Vulva with the distal part of spermatheca globular, on long, thin stalks, arising on lateral corners of the epigastric plate (Figs
14
,
17
). Spermatheca with gland ductules well-spaced on the distal half (Fig.
17
).
Measurements
.
Carapace 1.32 long, 1.02 wide; eye diameters: PME 0.10, ALE 0.09, PLE 0.06; labium 0.30 long, 0.30 wide; sternum 0.69 long, 0.65 wide. Legs: I 10.8 (2.82, 0.36, 2.97, 3.06, 0.87), II 8.76 (2.46, 0.34, 2.49, 2.65, 0.82), III 6.87 (1.95, 0.39, 1.74, 2.04, 0.75), IV 8.59 (2.35, 0.33, 2.43, 2.61, 0.87). Leg formula: 1243.
Figures 21-32.
Drymusa
spp., females.
21.
D. simoni
, posterior part of opisthosoma, lateral view;
22.
D. dinora
, opisthosoma, ventral view;
23, 25-27.
Female genitalia, ventral view (
23.
D. colligata
;
25.
D. spectata
;
26.
D. armasi
;
27.
D. serrana
);
24, 28-32.
Same, dorsal view (
24.
D. huberi
sp. nov.;
28.
D. serrana
;
29.
D. canhemabae
;
30.
D. colligata
;
31.
D. rengan
;
32.
D. spelunca
).
Figures 33-48.
Drymusa
spp., male palp (
33, 34.
D. rengan
;
35, 36.
D. serrana
;
37, 38.
D. spelunca
;
39.
D. dinora
;
40.
D. armasi
;
41.
D. spectata
;
42.
D. tobyi
;
43.
D. canhemabae
;
44, 45.
D. colligata
;
46, 47.
D. philomatica
;
48.
D. simoni
).
33, 35, 37, 40, 41, 44, 46, 48.
Palp, prolateral view;
34, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47.
Palp, retrolateral view.
Figures 49-53.
49, 50.
Drymusa huberi
sp. nov. live specimens from La
Guaquira
, Yaracuy State, Venezuela.
49.
Male, paratype;
50.
Female, holotype;
51.
Habitat, tropical dry forest in La
Guaquira
, Yaracuy State;
52.
Leaf litter on the forest floor, microhabitat of the species;
53.
Known distribution of all species of the genus
Drymusa
. Photo credit: O. Villarreal:
49, 50, 51
; D. Romero:
52
.
Male (paratype).
Habitus as the female (Figs
5-8
,
10
,
12
), except pars cephalic with few short setae, mostly on clypeal area, opisthosoma with posterior third attenuated.
Colouration
.
As the female, but the purple-brown median pattern and lateral margins are narrower; the sternum maculation is light purple; palp yellowish with scattered purple-brown maculations, tarsus darker than other segments. Dorsum of opisthosoma with transversal bands narrower, elongated, fused with the next one; venter yellowish, except posterior third, which is light purple.
Palp
.
Sub-cylindrical femur longer than tibia; tibia slightly more thickened than femur and slightly swollen at mid-length (Figs
15
,
16
,
20
). Bulb subspherical, slightly longer than wide (Figs
15
,
16
,
18
). Embolus spiniform, curved, directed ventral-retrolaterally and relatively short, about half the length of bulb (Figs
18
,
19
).
Measurements
.
Carapace 1.26 long, 1.05 wide; eye diameters: PME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PLE 0.07; labium 0.24 long, 0.27 wide; sternum 0.72 long, 0.72 wide. Legs: I missing, II 10.62 (2.97, 0.39, 3.09, 3.24, 0.93), III 7.77 (2.13, 0.36, 2.04, 2.40, 0.84), IV 10.20 (2.82, 0.36, 2.82, 3.09, 0.93). Leg formula: (1)243.
Distribution.
Only known from the type locality. See Fig.
53
for the known distribution of all
Drymusa
species.
Natural history.
Both specimens were found in the leaf litter in a tropical dry forest along a streambed (Figs
51
,
52
); this species shares the microhabitat with
Ochyrocera
sp. (
Ochyroceratidae
). For live specimens of
D. huberi
sp. nov., see Figs
49
,
50
.