Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America Author Kaczmarek, Łukasz Author Michalczyk, Łukasz Author Mcinnes, Sandra J. text Zootaxa 2015 3923 1 1 107 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1 2822ae22-53bb-45c1-b3a3-49f7b6c0fb53 1175-5326 241936 2305A96C-0A03-4524-93AA-90359893A4DD 11. Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters, 1908a [T] [m] Echiniscus bigranulatus n. sp. ( Richters 1908a ) Echiniscus bigranulatus mihi ( Richters 1911a ) Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters. ( Heinis 1914 ) Echiniscus bigranulatus Richt. ( Marcus 1939 ) Echiniscus ( Echiniscus ) bigranulatus Richters, 1907 ( Ramazzotti 1962a , Rossi & Claps 1980 , Claps & Rossi 1981 , 1984, 1988) Echiniscus ( Echiniscus ) bigranulatus Richters, 1906 ( Ramazzotti 1964a ) Echiniscus ( Echiniscus ) bigranulatus ( Ramazzotti 1964b ) E. ( E. ) bigranulatus Richters, 1907 ( Rossi & Claps 1989 ) Echiniscus bigranulatus Richters, 1907 ( Garitano-Zavala 1995 ) E. bigranulatus ( Garitano-Zavala 1996 ) Echiniscus bigranulatus ( Jørgensen et al. 2011 ) Terra typica : Argentina (South America ) Argentina : • 23°08′S , 64°19′W ; 350 m asl : Salta Province , Orán [San Ramón de la Nueva Orán ], mosses on rock. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°44′S , 65°29′W ; 1,350 m asl : Salta Province, San Lorenzo, lichens on wood from soil in the mountains. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 24°45′S , 65°28′W ; 1,300 m asl : Salta Province, road from Salta to San Lorenzo, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 25°38′S , 65°39′W ; 1,250 m asl : Salta Province, road from Cafayate to Salta, mosses on tree in the mountains. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 25°58′S , 54°34′W ; 200 m asl : Misiones Province, Arroyo Uruguai near Wanda, mosses on rocks. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 26°47′S , 65°20′W ; 750 m asl : Tucumán Province, Horco Molle, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1984) • 27°57′S , 58°48′W ; 50 m asl : Corrientes Province, Empedrado, Paraje Sombrerito, mosses on fallen tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 28°04′S , 55°41′W ; 100 m asl : Misiones Province, Azara, road in the port, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 28°23′S , 57°53′W ; 50 m asl : Corrientes Province, Concepción, Estancia Abuelita Justa, mosses on soil from cement. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 31°43′S , 60°20′W ; 50 m asl : Entre Ríos Province, Parque General San Martín, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 33°00′S , 58°31′W ; 0 m asl : Entre Ríos Province, Gualeguaychú, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988) • 36°22′S , 56°43′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, San Clemente del Tuy, mosses on shaded soil and lichens on tree ( Eucalyptus ) (3 samples). Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°57′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, Port General Lavalle, lichens on trees ( Tamarisk and Eucalyptus ) in full sun (2 samples). Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°57′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, General Lavalle, lichens on isolated tree ( Eucalyptus ). Rossi & Claps (1980) • 36°24′S , 56°49′W ; 0 m asl : Buenos Aires Province, road between San Clemente del Tuy and General Lavalle, lichens. Rossi & Claps (1980) • 39°08′S , 71°17′W ; 1,000 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Ñorquinco Lake, moss and lichen on soil. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39°12′S , 70°55′W ; 900 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Rucachoroi Lake, lichen on tree. Rossi et al. (2009) • 39°25′S , 71°19′W ; 1,000 m asl : Neuquén Province, Aluminé, Quillén Lake, lichen on tree and moss on soil (2 samples). Rossi et al. (2009) • 40°07′S , 71°39′W ; 700 m asl : Neuquén Province, Hua Hum, Junín de los Andes, mosses on soil and rock. Rossi et al. (2009) • 41°00′S , 71°30′W ; 800 m asl : Neuquén Province, Isla Victoria, mosses on tree. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41°08′S , 71°20′W ; 950 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Cerro Runge, very wet, mosses from forest. Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41°11′S , 71°49′W ; 1,800 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Nahuel Huapi National Park, Monte Tronador, lichens on rocks, tree and tree ( Nothofagus pumilio ) (3 samples). Rossi & Claps (1989) • 41°13′S , 71°30′W ; 2,250 m asl : Rio Negro Province, Nahuel Huapí National Park, Cerro Catedral, very wet, mosses on soil and semi-wet, lichens on tree ( Nothofagus sp.) (3 samples). Claps & Rossi (1981) • 41°58′S , 71°29′W ; 1,170 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on bark and bases of trees in Nothofagus pumilio forest. Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°31′W ; 360 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on wet cliff of promontory, partly on soil. Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°31′W ; 350 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, foot of Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on rocks in shaded Libocedrus chilensis -Lomatia obliqua forest. Iharos (1963) • 41°59′S , 71°30′W ; 530 m asl : Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on tree trunk on southern slope. Iharos (1963) • 42°13′S , 71°42′W ; 220 m asl : Chubut Province, El Turbio, Puelo Lake, mosses on wet soil in primeval Nothofagus dombeyi - Libocedrus chilensis forest near the lake. Iharos (1963) • 42°37′S , 71°53′W ; 550 m asl : Chubut Province, Cistre [Rio Cisne]. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2006a) • 48°47′S , 69°11′W : Undefined locality, Santa Cruz Province, Valle de la Florida, lichens on soil. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 48°47′S , 69°11′W : Undefined locality, Santa Cruz Province, Arroyo Cerro de los Condores, mosses on tree. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 50°06′S , 73°20′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, Bahia Onelli, mosses on tree, lichens on tree, lichens on tree ( Nothofagus betuloides ), mosses and lichens on tree ( Nothofagus betuloides ) (5 samples). Rossi & Claps (1989) • 50°06′S , 73°18′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, Los Glaciares National Park, shores of Argentino Lake, near the Onelli glacier, Nothofagus forests, in the shade, mosses and lichens on trees and rocks. Maucci (1988) • 50°18′S , 72°48′W ; 200 m asl : Santa Cruz Province, shores of Argentino Lake, La Bandera [Puerto Bandera] near El Calafate, lichens on rocks, in full sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 54°47′S , 68°13′W ; 100 m asl : Tierra del Fuego Province, Tierra Mayor ( Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego), moss ( Sphagnum sp.) on rocks. Rossi & Claps (1989) • 54°48′S , 68°29′W ; 200 m asl : Tierra del Fuego Province, Rio Pipo, lichens on tree ( Nothofagus betuloides ). Rossi & Claps (1989) • 54°48′S , 68°18′W ; 50 m asl : Type Locality : Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia. Richters (1908a) • 54°51′S , 68°29′W ; 0 m asl : Tierra del Fuego Province, Tierra del Fuego National Park, Bahia Ensenada, mosses and lichens on rocks. Rossi & Claps (1989) Bolivia : • 16°11′S , 68°35′W ; 3,680–4,000 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Huarina, moorland floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) • 16°13′S , 68°13′W ; 4,550–4,700 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Tuni, subnival floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) • 16°18′S , 68°17′W ; 4,300–4,400 m asl : La Paz Department, Cordillera de la Real de los Andes, Wila Kunka, high Andean floor, cushion moss. Garitano-Zavala (1995 , 1996 ) Chile : • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 30 ° 40′S , 71 ° 41′W ]; 600–620 m asl : Region IV Coquimbo (Región de Coquimbo), Fray Jorge (near Ovalle, 420 km north of Santiago), mosses from moist temperate (fog) forest, completely surrounded by steppe zones. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 32 ° 58′S , 71 ° 01′W ]; 1,900 m asl : Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Cerro El Roble ( 45 km . east of Valparaiso), mosses and lichens from deciduous forest of Nothofagus obliqua var. macrocarpa . Ramazzotti (1962a) • 32°58′S , 71°00′W ; 1,170 m asl : Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Cerro El Roble, mosses and leaf litter leaves. Ramazzotti (1964a) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 34 ° 10′S , 70 ° 45′W ]; 1,000 m asl : VI Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins Region (VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins), Rancagua (“El Arrayàn”) ( 80 km south of Santiago), moss from steppe formations and shrubs of the Andean foothills. Ramazzotti (1962a) • 30°25′S – 37°45′S [ 37 ° 43′S , 73 ° 02′W ]; 1,100 m asl : Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta (south of Concepción), lichens from moist mixed rainforest of Araucaria araucana , Nothofagus obliqua and N. dombeyi . Ramazzotti (1962a) • 42°37′S , 73°49′W ; 50–100 m asl : Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Chiloé Island , mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964b) • 50°59′S , 73°00′W ; 1,200 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Torres del Paine National Park, mosses on trees and rocks, nearly all in half sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51°34′S , 72°36′W ; 200 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988) • 51°34′S , 72°36′W ; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Milodon Cave [Cueva del Milodón]. Jørgensen et al. (2011) • 53°38′S , 70°59′W ; 50 m asl : Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), San Juan (Punta Arenas), mosses on soil. Binda & Pilato (1999b) • 55°14′S , 66°33′W ; 200 m asl : Tierra del Fuego Province, Isla Nueva, moss on soil. Michalczyk & Kaczmarek (2006a) Colombia : • Unidentified locality: Heinis (1928) indicating the presence of this species in Colombia . This may have been a new addition to the Heinis (1914) list or a re-examination of slides identified in that publication. Ecuador : • 00°11′S , 78°36′W ; 4,500 m asl : Pichincha Province, Pichincha Volcano, soil sample. Pilato et al. (2001) • 00°22′S , 78°09′W ; 4,000 m asl : Napo Province, Papallacta Pass, moss ( Leptodontium viticulosoides ). Pilato et al. (2001) Paraguay : • 25°20′S , 57°13′W ; 200 m asl : Cordillera Department, Cordillera de Altos, Tucangua, mosses and lichens on palm tree ( Acrocomia sclerocarpa ). Richters (1911a) Record numbers: Argentina : 38, Bolivia : 3, Chile : 11, Colombia : 1, Ecuador : 2, Paraguay : 1; total: 56. Remarks: This bona fida species belongs to the Neotropical and Antarctic bigranulatus group and, is easily mistaken for other members of the group (see: Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2006a, 2007), thus all records prior to 2006 require confirmation. There is a single record from China ( Yang 2007 ) but as this genus appears to have a Gondwanan distribution the Chinese specimen(s) should be considered dubious and must be reevaluated.