The Goblin Spider Genus Zyngoonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes On Related Taxa Author Fannes, Wouter text Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 2013-06-18 2013 379 1 117 http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/805.1 journal article 10.1206/805.1 0003-0090 5403438 Coxapopha diblemma Platnick Figures 78–85 , 106 ; map 6 Coxapopha diblemma Platnick, 2000: 409 , figs. 1–7 (male holotype from Parque Nacional Soberania , Panama , in QM; examined). DIAGNOSIS: The male differs from congeners in having the sperm pore situated near the tip of a long apophysis (fig. 82A, C, D), and in lacking an apophysis between the sperm pore and the pedicel tube (fig. 81A). In the other species of the genus, the sperm pore is only slightly elevated, and the ventral scutum has a prominent apophysis between the sperm pore and the pedicel tube (R. Ott, personal commun.; Ott and Brescovit, 2004 : figs. 13, 29). Fig. 43. Zyngoonops beatriceae , new species , female. A. ES and PES, dorsal view. B. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. C. Detail of B, showing straight part of duct. D. Coiled part of duct, dorsal view. E. Detail of D. F. Anterior sclerite, posterior view. G. Pouch and duct, anterior view. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; cd, coiled part of duct; pou, genital pouch; sd, straight part of duct. Scale bars: 2 Mm (C, E), 10 Mm (B, D, F, G), 50 Mm (A). Fig. 44. Zyngoonops beatriceae , new species , female. A. Posterior sclerite, anterior view. B. Detail of A, showing slitlike opening in posterior sclerite (arrow). C. Detail of A, showing small opening in posterior sclerite (arrow). D. Internal genitalia, posterior view. E. Posterior sclerite, posterior view. F. Longitudinal section through genital pouch, showing duct. Arrow: entrance to pouch. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; cd, coiled part of duct; pou, genital pouch; ps, posterior sclerite; sd, straight part of duct. Scale bars: 2 Mm (B, C), 5 Mm (A, E), 20 Mm (D, F). Fig. 45. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Carapace, lateral view. C. Carapace wall, inner surface. Arrow: extended anterolateral corner. Arrowheads: ridges. D. Carapace, ventral view. E. Chelicera, posterior view. F. Detail of E, showing cheliceral tooth. Scale bars: 5 Mm (F), 30 Mm (C, E), 100 Mm (A, B, D). MALE (figs. 78–85, 106): TL 1.95. Habitus as in figure 106A, B. Carapace red-brown, pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view, anteriorly narrowed to 0.5 times its maximum width, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, anterolateral corners with strongly sclerotized, triangular extension, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth; lateral surfaces with microsculpture on lower part; thorax without depressions, without radiating rows of pits; lateral margin straight, rebordered (figs. 78A–D, 106C, E, F). Clypeus sinuous in front view, very high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection absent, setae present (figs. 78B, 106F). Two small, oval eyes, approximately one diameter apart (figs. 78B, 106F). Sternum pale yellow, slightly wider than long, fused to carapace, median concavity absent, surface finely reticulate, without pits, sickle-shaped structures absent, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles present, without posterior hump, setae abundant, without hair tufts (figs. 78E, 106G). Pleural flaps present, small (fig. 80E). Infracoxal grooves present, shallow (the presence of pores could not be established because the grooves were covered by dust); coxal insertions I, II, and III each with two clusters of small openings. Chelicerae orange, anterior face unmodified; one small cheliceral tooth on promargin; a short, apically pointed seta on inner surface of chelicera; promargin flanked by double row of setae (inner and outer row), each row with about five setae, setae of inner row with small cuticular teeth on shaft, outer row consisting of smooth setae; between double row and fang base a long plumose hair; anterior face of paturon with sparse setae (fig. 79A); posterior surface of paturon with three short spines and a row of five long, medially directed setae; fangs without toothlike projections, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified. Labium much more heavily sclerotized than sternum, wider than long, with setae (figs. 79B, 106H). Endites: enlarged, median margin short, posteromedian part bulging (figs. 79C, 80D); ventral surface heavily sclerotized except for diagonal band (fig. 106H); median surface with a pocket and two groups of setae (anterior and posterior group; fig. 80D); anterior edge of pocket continues into median projection (fig. 80D); median projection short, directed anteriorly, with a curved anterior extension (figs. 79D, F, 80A, C, D); setae s1–3 relatively short (figs. 79D, F, 80C). Pedicel with one dorsal and one ventral sclerite; dorsal sclerite flat, posteriorly drawn out into a point, not fused to prosoma, without special modifications; ventral sclerite U-shaped, covering ventral and lateral sides of pedicel, anteriorly fused to prosoma, without special modifications. Abdomen ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent (figs. 80F, 81A, 106D). Booklung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified (fig. 81F). Posterior spiracles not connected by groove. Pedicel tube short, not ribbed, without triangular extensions, without fringe of setae, with crest-shaped apophysis (see below). Scuto-pedicel region without ridges or denticles, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent (fig. 81E, F). DS strongly sclerotized, yellow-brown, without color pattern, covering full length of abdomen, no soft tissue visible from above, not fused to ES, middle surface reticulate, sides reticulate, anterior half without projecting denticles (figs. 81A, B, 106A, B). ES and PES fused into a large ventral scutum (figs. 80F, 106D); ventral scutum strongly sclerotized, yellow, covering nearly full length of abdomen, with two apophyses, anterior apophysis crest shaped, triangular, situated near anterior margin of pedicel tube (fig. 81A, C–F), posterior apophysis long, horn shaped, bearing sperm pore (figs. 81A, C, 82A, C, D). Small lateral sclerites absent. Lateral apo- demes long, posteriorly directed (fig. 106D). Spinneret scutum present, incomplete ring, with fringe of needlelike setae. Interscutal membrane with setae. Colulus present, sporting two setae. ALS two segmented, with one major ampullate gland spigot and two piriform gland spigots (fig. 82E); PMS single segmented, digitiform, with two spigots; PLS two segmented, with three spigots. Legs yellow, without color pattern, patella plus tibia I shorter than carapace; coxae IV with a hand-shaped apophysis that bears four ( holotype ) or five (other specimen) peg setae (fig. 84C, D); femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III; tibiae III and IV with a group of specialized setae on ventral apex (fig. 84A, B). Small, oval glands on femora, patellae, tibiae, and metatarsi (fig. 83C). Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed, all spines relatively short): patellae: I p0-1-0; tibiae: I v2-2-2; II v0-1r-0; metatarsi: I v0-2-0 (figs. 82F, 83A, B). Tarsi I to IV claws examined in detail; superior claws with 4–5 large, proximally situated teeth on lateral surfaces, about 18–25 small, distally situated teeth on median surfaces; inferior claw absent (fig. 83F, G). Trichobothria examined with SEM; each leg with four dorsal trichobothria: one on proximal tibia, two on distal tibia, one on distal metatarsus; hairs plumose, bothrium as in figure 83D, aperture internal texture gratelike. Tarsal organ exposed; receptors could not be studied because they were obscured by dust. Epigastric region with sperm pore small, elliptical, wider than long, situated near tip of posterior apophysis (fig. 82B, D); a pair of additional orifices mesad of posterior spiracles (fig. 82B). Palps not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical; trochanter without ventral projection; femur two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three dorsal trichobothria; cymbium fused with bulb but seam still visible distally, extending slightly beyond distal tip of bulb; bulb shorter than cymbium, elongated (fig. 84E, F); embolus tubelike, less than half as long as bulb, with distally a slitlike opening (fig. 85A, B, E, F); conductor situated prolaterally of embolus, slightly longer than embolus, with dorsally a conspicuous rodlike projection (dorsal projection; fig. 85). Map 6. Records of Coxapopha diblemma (squares). Fig. 46. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , male. A. Labium, ventral view. B. Mouthparts, ventral view. C. Detail of B, showing median projections. Arrowhead: setae 1–3. D. Left endite, P2 and P3, ventral view. E. Detail of D, showing anterolateral extension of P2. F. Right endite, P3, ventral view. Abbreviations: ae, anterolateral extension of P2; mp, median projection; P, projection; pmp, posteromedian part of endite. Scale bars: 2 Mm (E), 5 Mm (F), 10 Mm (A, C, D), 50 Mm (B). Fig. 47. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , male. A. Endites, lateral view. B. Left endite, P2, lateral view. C. Left endite, P3, lateral view. D. Right endite, median view. E. Right endite, projections P2, P4 (asterisk) and P5, median view. F. Detail of D, showing median projection. Abbreviations: ae, anterolateral extension of P2; mp, median projection; P, projection; pf, pleural flap. Scale bars: 5 Mm (C, F), 10 Mm (B, D, E), 30 Mm (A). Fig. 48. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , male. A. Right endite, projections P2, P3, P4 (asterisk) and P5, anterior view. B. Right endite, projections P2, P3 and P5, anterolateral view. C. Claws, leg II, lateral view. D. Retroclaw, leg III, median surface. E. Same, leg IV. F. Abdomen, lateral view. Abbreviations: ae, anterolateral extension of P2; P, projection. Scale bars: 5 Mm (A–E), 100 Mm (F). Fig. 49. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , male (A, B) and female (C, D). A. PMS, posterior view. B. PLS, posterior view. C. Carapace, anterior view. D. Epigastric region, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 Mm (A, B), 50 Mm (D), 100 Mm (C). Fig. 50. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , female. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Carapace, lateral view. C. Same, anterior view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Eyes, dorsal view. F. Leg I, lateral view. Scale bars: 20 Mm (E, F), 50 Mm (B–D), 100 Mm (A). FEMALE: Unknown. Fig. 51. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , female. A. Leg IV, lateral view. B. Claws, leg II, anterior view. C. Proclaw, leg III, median surface. D. Same, leg IV. E. Abdomen, ventral view. F. Pedicel tube, ventral view. Scale bars: 5 Mm (B–D), 10 Mm (F), 30 Mm (A), 50 Mm (E). MATERIAL EXAMINED : Panama : Parque Nacional Soberania, 09 ° 049N , 079 ° 419W, Aug. 7, 1983 , litter, V .E. Davies (PBI_OON 4735, QM S52152), 1 male ( holotype ). San Lorenzo Protected Area, 09 ° 169N, 079 ° 589W, Sept. 22, 2003 to Oct. 31, 2004 , IBISCA project (PBI_OON 33138, MRAC ), 1 male (used for SEM ). DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Panama (map 6). Fig. 52. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , female. A. Spinnerets, posterior view. B. ALS, posterior view. C. PMS, posterior view. D. PLS, posterior view. E. Epigastric scape, ventral view. F. ES and PES, dorsal view. G. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd, coiled part of duct; pou, genital pouch; sd, straight part of duct. Scale bars: 3 Mm (B–D), 20 Mm (A, E, G), 50 Mm (F). Fig. 53. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , female. A. Coiled part of duct, dorsal view. B. ES and anterior sclerite, posterior view. C. Anterior sclerite, anterior view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Pouch and duct, anterior view. F. Posterior sclerite, anterolateral view. Arrow: small opening. Abbreviations: as, anterior sclerite; cd, coiled part of duct; pou, genital pouch; ps, posterior sclerite; sd, straight part of duct. Scale bars: 5 Mm (A, C, D, F), 10 Mm (B, E). Fig. 54. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , female. A. Slitlike opening in posterior sclerite (arrow). B. Section through coiled part of duct, showing numerous small, round structures (presumably cross sections through the duct). Arrowheads highlight some of the round structures. Scale bars: 1 Mm (B), 2 Mm (A). FEMALE GENITAL MORPHOLOGY OF COXAPOPHA The female genitalia of Coxapopha have never been examined by SEM, due to a scarcity of specimens. Recently, Norman Platnick and Nadine Dupérré discovered two new female specimens and kindly made them available for study. These specimens allow, for the first time, a detailed description of the female genitalia. The specimens were collected close to the type locality of C. yuyapichis Ott and Brescovit (2004) and probably belong to this species. However, a definite species assignment is not possible, for all specimens of C. yuyapichis are currently missing (C. Rheims, personal com- mun.). The specimens are therefore referred to as ‘‘ Coxapopha sp. ’’ Specimen data is as follows: Peru : Ucayali , Bosque Nacional A. von Humboldt, 8.67 km Pucallpa, 8 ° 239S, 74 ° 279W, July 30, 1986 , Silva, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional May- or de San Marcos (MUSM-ENT 05001481), 1 female (abdomen studied by SEM; all images depict this specimen). Cusco , Rio Camisea, Cashiari 3, 11 ° 529570S, 72 ° 399020W, 690 m , Nov.–Dec., 1997, J. Duárez and S. Córdova (MUSM-ENT 05001457), 1 female (specimen intact, not studied by SEM). The specimens have well-developed abdominal scuta (figs. 86A, B, 105I). The postepigastric scutum has a triangular epigastric scape (figs. 86C–F, 105J), the posterior tip of which is elevated (fig. 86E, F). The ventral surface of the scape shows a narrow, longitudinal slit (fig. 86D). The posterior end of the slit is slightly widened (fig. 86F); this part of the slit may function as the copulatory opening. The internal genitalia include a genital duct, two lateral apodemes, and two uterine sclerites (figs. 87, 88, 105K). There is no genital pouch. The anterior uterine sclerite is T-shaped (fig. 88E, F). The posterior uterine sclerite has a slitlike opening in its anterior surface (figs. 87D, 88C, D). The genital duct ascends along the posterior uterine sclerite (fig. 88A, B). Fig. 55. Schematic drawing of the internal female genitalia of Zyngoonops chambersi , new species . Genital duct in grey; lumen only depicted in straight part. Arrow: entrance to pouch. Arrowhead: slitlike opening in posterior sclerite. Fig. 56. Zyngoonops chambersi , new species , internal female genitalia. The proximal part of the genital duct is covered by the pouch ( A) . To study this part of the duct, the genitalia were sectioned transversally at the level of the dashed line. This resulted in the parts B and C (arrowhead: copulatory opening in ventral wall of pouch). D. A posterior view on part B shows the lumen of the duct (asterisk). E. A dorsal view on part C shows the copulatory opening (arrowhead). Scale bars: 10 Mm. Fig. 57. Zyngoonops swammerdami , new species , male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Carapace, lateral view. C. Mouthparts, ventral view. D. Left endite, median projection and P2, ventral view. Arrowhead: setae 1–3. E. Same, other specimen. Arrowhead: setae 1–3. F. Left endite, P2, ventral view. Arrowhead: serrated edge. Arrow: seta 4. Abbreviations: mp, median projection; P, projection; pmp, posteromedian part of endite. Scale bars: 5 Mm (D–F), 20 Mm (C), 50 Mm (A, B). The spinnerets were also scanned (fig. 89). The ALS have one major ampullate gland spigot and two piriform gland spigots (fig. 89B), the PMS have six spigots (fig. 89C), and the PLS have 12 spigots (fig. 89D). The colulus bears two setae (fig. 89A).