Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera) Author Grazia, Jocelia Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil jocelia@ufrgs.br Author Schuh, Randall T. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA Author Wheeler, Ward C. Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA text Cladistics 2008 2008-11-21 24 932 976 journal article 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0 3968591 Trichophora Most authors have accepted this grouping since the time it was originally proposed by Tullgren (1918) . Our morphological and total evidence analyses sup- port the Trichophora as monophyletic ( Figs 42–44 , 53 and 54 ). The Pentatomoidea and Lygaeoidea ( sensu Henry, 1997 ) are each monophyletic and form a sistergroup relationship, although our sample for the latter grouping is very small. The analysis of Wheeler et al. (1993) offered, in our view, a weak attempt to resolve relationships within the Trichophora , because it contained data insufficient to do any more than support the monophyly of the Trichophora . Rigorous tests of the theories of Henry (1997) concerning the monophyly of the Lygaeoidea and the sister-group relation- ships of that taxon will require analysis of both morphological and molecular data for a broadly representative taxon sample.