New bryozoan species from the Pleistocene of the Wanganui Basin, North Island, New Zealand Author Martino, Emanuela Di A7905C48-FF37-4D27-BCCE-F0560AF040A2 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: A 7905 C 48 - FF 37 - 4 D 27 - BCCE-F 0560 AF 040 A 2 & Corresponding author: e. di-martino @ nhm. ac. uk di-martino@nhm.ac.uk Author Taylor, Paul D. 7AFF2929-DF5B-46B2-94E6-B26B396CC2C8 Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. & Email: p. taylor @ nhm. ac. uk & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 7 AFF 2929 - DF 5 B- 46 B 2 - 94 E 6 - B 26 B 396 CC 2 C 8 p.taylor@nhm.ac.uk Author Gordon, Dennis P. DD9C0F3A-8512-4AC8-B395-7687CE3FC565 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand. & Email: dennis. gordon @ niwa. co. nz & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: DD 9 C 0 F 3 A- 8512 - 4 AC 8 - B 395 - 7687 CE 3 FC 565 dennis.gordon@niwa.co.nz Author Liow, Lee Hsiang 9A708FAA-486A-4918-AAC9-AF7795F3B675 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. & Email: l. h. liow @ ibv. uio. no & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9 A 708 FAA- 486 A- 4918 - AAC 9 - AF 7795 F 3 B 675 h.liow@ibv.uio.no text European Journal of Taxonomy 2017 2017-08-22 345 1 15 journal article 22063 10.5852/ejt.2017.345 d0128eb5-5a32-4586-bd97-74053de40a80 2118-9773 3832592 3F002D75-2A32-4300-BCE1-683C7311B70C Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5EC216B-6E64-4A39-A77E-47EA338DDF53 Fig. 1 , Table 1 Diagnosis Colony encrusting, with a stolonal system branching at variable angles. Stolons thick, showing concentric lines. One or two zooids per internode, elongated elliptical, with the frontal surface convex and showing concentric lines. Orifice circular or oval, with one or two lateral cystid appendages. Etymology From Waiinu Beach, the type locality. Material examined Holotype NEW ZEALAND : Nukumaru Limestone , Waiinu Beach (R22/f0270), Nukumaruan , Pleistocene ( GNS BZ 335 ). Description Colony entirely encrusting, consisting of a somewhat variable ramifying stolonal system with sidebranches given off stolonal axis dichotomously, at 45° or at 90°, forming square or rectangular sectors ( Fig. 1 A–B). Stolons apparently fused at contact point with one another, thick, 50–65 μm in diameter. Stolonal walls shallow, ornamented with very thin, closely spaced, concentric lines. Zooids sparsely distributed ( Fig. 1 A–B), irregularly positioned, usually one or two per stolonal internode, oriented with long axis parallel or perpendicular to stolonal axis, depending on overgrowth direction, elliptical, elongated and narrow (mean L/W = 2.72). Frontal surface evenly curved and slightly convex, ornamentation similar to that of stolons but with thicker concentric lines ( Fig. 1 C–D). Orifice circular or transversely oval ( Fig. 1 C–D). One or two cystid appendages visible laterally to orifice ( Fig. 1 C–D), 58–68 μm long. Remarks Four fossil species of Buskia have been described, all preserved by bioimmuration and from European localities. In order of stratigraphic age these are: B. nigribovis Todd, 1994 from the Jurassic of France , B. inexpectata Voigt, 1979 from the Maastrichtian of the Netherlands , B. fowleri Todd, 1996 from the Eocene of England and B. hachti Voigt, 1979 from the Pliocene of France . At the present day, Buskia is represented in New Zealand by two non-indigenous species that are considered as established, viz B. nitens Alder, 1856 and B. socialis Hincks, 1887 ( Gordon & Mawatari 1992 ; Gordon et al. 2009 ). Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. differs from B. nigribovis in being regularly ramifying, with much thicker stolons (50–65 μm vs 14–24 μm) and a limited number of cystid appendages. The latter character also distinguishes the new species from B. fowleri , which in addition has densely populated stolons, as does B. inexpectata . Buskia hachti has a stolon width similar to that of the new species (ca 50 μm), but more elongated zooids (400–650 μm vs 308–438 μm) and no cystid appendages. Of the two Recent species present in New Zealand , B. socialis differs in being erect, while B. nitens has narrower stolons (ca 25 μm). Table 1. Measurements in microns of Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. , Nukumaruan, Pleistocene, Nukumaru Limestone.

N (zooids, colonies)	Mean	SD	Min	Max
ZL	8, 1	380	±54	308	438
ZW	8, 1	140	±13	121	149
OL	8, 1	66	±9	53	76
OW	8, 1	77	±7	70	86

Fig. 1. Buskia waiinuensis sp. nov. , holotype (GNS BZ 335), Nukumaruan, Pleistocene, Nukumaru Limestone, Waiinu Beach, New Zealand. A . General view of the bioimmured colony, showing the regular development of the stolonal pattern. B . Close-up of a sector of the colony. C . Close-up of a zooid with oval orifice. Note the cystid appendage lateral to the orifice and the concentric lines on the zooidal and stolonal surface. D . Close-up of a zooid with a circular orifice and two cystid appendages lateral to the orifice. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 200 µm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm. Distribution The single known bioimmured colony is preserved as a mould bioimmuration on the underside of an erect cyclostome bryozoan which overgrew the soft-bodied ctenostome. It was collected from the Nukumaru Limestone (2.29–2.08 Ma, Nukumaruan, Pleistocene) at Waiinu Beach and represents the first fossil record of the genus outside Europe.