Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species Author De Oliveira, Luiz Fernando M. 06C42876-2925-4007-A19D-053BD0058F25 Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. luiz.moura.lfm@gmail.com Author Brescovit, Antonio Domingos D5B81D79-AFAE-47B1-8A6E-DAB448A24BCC Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan - Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-03-31 742 1 77 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 journal article 7531 10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 62f9dc57-bade-4fbc-8af7-f92ff107593c 2118-9773 4655404 23424EC3-8440-4C72-AD9E-C1EC3087F7CA Tafana straminea (L. Koch, 1866 ) Figs 11–12 , 32G , 34 Anyphaena straminea L. Koch, 1866: 207 (type: immature holotype from Santa Fé de Bogota , currently Bogotá , Colombia , deposited in BMNH, examined). Tafana straminea – Brescovit 1997: 90 . Diagnosis Males of Tafana straminea differ from those of other species by the long embolus and the secondary looping of sperm duct not reaching the border of the tegulum ( Figs 11C , 12A–C ). Females resemble those of T. kunturmarqa sp. nov. and T. ruizi sp. nov. by the epigynal plate shape with an atrial septum, but differ by the wide atrial septum and long fertilization ducts, ventrally overlapping the primary spermathecae ( Figs 11F–G , 32G ). Material examined Holotype COLOMBIA • immature ; Santa Fé de Bogota [currently Bogotá ]; [ 4°35′53″ N ; 74°4′33″ W ]; 1 Jul. 1890 ; BMNH 1890.7.1.583 . Other material COLOMBIA – Boyacá • 1 ♂ ; Tunja , Páramo Alto Belén ; [ 5°59′22″ N , 72°54′44″ W ]; 23 Sep. 1985 ; H. Sturn leg.; MCZ . – Cundinamarca • 1 ♂ ; Monte Redondo , La Calera , National Park Chingaza ; [ 4°28′00″ N , 73°44′00″ W ]; 14 Sep. 1986 ; C. Valderrama leg.; IBSP 258178 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258180 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 258181 . ECUADOR – Tungurahua • 1 ♂ ; Baños ; [ 1°23′47″ N , 78°25′29″ W ]; 2 May 1939 ; Clarke and Macintyre leg.; AMNH • 2 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; AMNH • 1 ♂ ; Apr. 1939 ; AMNH . Remark The holotype is an immature in last instar. In comparison with other adult specimens from Colombia , we noticed that the reddish brown color of the carapace is unique for this species. The spots on the abdomen and spination of the legs are similar. Therefore, we consider here that these specimens represent the adults of the species Tafana straminea . Description Male (MCZ) COLOR. Carapace reddish brown, darker in cephalic region ( Fig. 11A ), labium, endites, sternum and chelicerae reddish brown. Legs I–IV yellow, darker at tarsi. Abdomen grayish with dorsal spots ( Fig 11A ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 10.01, carapace length 4.3, width 3.4. Clypeus height 0.1. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.2, ALE 0.18, PME 0.12, PLE 0.12; AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.2, ALE–PLE 0.02. Chelicerae 2.7 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 3.9 /patella 1.7/ tibia 4.0/ metatarsus 3.3 / tarsus 1.4/ total 14.3; II— 3.6/ 1.8/ 3.6 /3.0 / 1.3/ 13.3; III—2.1 /1.0 / 1.43 /1.6 /0.7 / 6.83; IV—3.4 / 1.5/ 3.4/ 3.6 /1.1 / 13.0. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v1-1-1, metatarsus v2-0-0; II—tibia v0-1-1; III—tibia p0-0-1, r0-0-1, metatarsus v2-1-2, p0-1-1; IV—tibia p0-0-0, metatarsus p0-1-1, r0-1-1. PALP. Retrolateral tibial apophysis in vertical position long and conical; cymbium with prolateral projection; ventral tegular process short near of the base of the median apophysis; apophysis at the base of the embolus short; sperm duct in vertical position with secondary looping without reaching the apex of the tegulum; median apophysis sharp and curved at the apex ( Figs 11C–E , 12A–C ). Fig. 11. Tafana straminea (L. Koch, 1866 ) (A, C–E=♂, MCZ; B, F–G =♀, IBSP 258181). A . Habitus, dorsal view. B . Habitus, dorsal view. C . Left palp, ventral view (arrow indicating the base of the embolus). D . Left palp, retrolateral view. E . Left palp, dorsal view. F . Epigynum, ventral view (arrow indicating character). G . Vulva, dorsal view.Abbreviations:ABE=apophysis of base of the embolus; CD=copulatory ducts; CO=copulatory opening; E=embolus; EP=embolic process; FD =fertilization ducts; H=hood; LL =lateral lobes; RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis; S1=primary spermathecae; S2=secondary spermathecae; T =tegulum; VTP=ventral tegular process. Scale bars: A–B=3.5 mm; C–G=0.25 mm. ABDOMEN. Length 5.7, epigastric furrow 1.3 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.5 from base of spinnerets. Female (IBSP 258181) COLOR. As in males of this species ( Fig. 11B ). MEASUREMENTS. Total length 12.0, carapace length 5.8, width 4.3. Clypeus height 0.22. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 1.0, ALE 1.0, PME 1.1, PLE 0.9; AME–AME 0.9, AME–ALE 0.5, PME– PME 1.5, PME–PLE 1.8, ALE–PLE 0.7. Chelicerae 2.8 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles. LEG MEASUREMENTS. I—femur 5.23 /patella 2.6 /tibia 5.2 /metatarsus 4.4 / tarsus 1.9/ total 19.33; II— 4.8/ 2.4/ 4.5 /3.9 / 1.7/ 17.3; III—3.7 /1.73 / 2.7 /3.1 /1.2 / 12.43; IV—3.7 / 1.1/ 3.3/ 3.7/ 1.1/ 12.9. LEG SPINATION. I—tibia v0-1-0, metatarsus 2-0-0; II—tibia v0-1-0; III—tibia p1-1-0, r1-1-0, metatarsus v2-1-2; IV—tibia r1-1-0. ABDOMEN. Length 6.1, epigastric furrow 1.1 from tracheal spiracle, spiracle 2.7 from base of spinnerets. EPIGYNUM. Hood circular and sclerotized; epigynal plate with posterior region covered by cuticle; atrium with septum; lateral lobes extremely curved in the anterior region. Internally, copulatory ducts large in the anterior region; secondary spermathecae rounded in middle of the copulatory ducts, oval primary spermathecae; fertilization ducts long ( Figs 11F–G , 32G ). Variation Four males: total length 7.4–11.5; carapace 3.3–4.8; femur I 3.0–5.4. Two females: total length 7.8–8.4; carapace 3.4–3.5; femur I 2.8–3.0. Distribution Colombia and Ecuador ( Fig. 34 ).