Zavrelia parapentatoma (Chironomidae: Diptera), a curious new species from North America, revealed by molecular methods Author Namayandeh, Armin 0000-0003-2136-0497 Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada. arminnamayandeh @ trentu. ca; a. namayan @ taxanama. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2136 - 0497 arminnamayandeh@trentu.ca Author Hudson, Patrick L. 5597 New Meadow Drive, Ypsilanti, MI 48197. Author Ghaderi, Edris Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. & Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Author Stott, Wendylee 0000-0002-5252-4901 Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, 501 University Cr., Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Wendylee. Stott @ dfo-mpo. gc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5252 - 4901 tott@dfo-mpo.gc.ca text Zootaxa 2023 2023-02-28 5249 1 111 124 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.6 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.6 1175-5326 7685359 FC367536-2DF0-4598-992B-78022F58623A Key to the known pupae of Zavrelia 1. The anterior of thorax and frontal apotome rugose. Anterior dorsocentral taeniate and longer than the remaining dorsocentrals ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Fig. 4A, B )........................................................ Z. casasi Ekrem &Stur - The anterior of thorax and frontal apotome smooth. Anterior dorsocentral simple, shorter, or longer than the remaining dorsocentrals......................................................................................... 2 2. Frontal tubercle absent to weakly developed................................................................ 3 - Frontal tubercle well-developed.......................................................................... 4 3. The median patches of microspinules on tergites II–V well-extended, and those of II–IV not divided in the middle ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Fig. 9C). Anal lobe seta is simple......................................... Z. pentatoma Kieffer & Bause - The median patches of microspinules on tergites II–V not well-extended, and those of II–IV appear divided in the middle with only a few micospinules ( Fig. 5C ). Anal lobe seta is prominent and taeniate................... Z. parapentatoma sp. nov. 4. Segment V of the abdomen with 4 taeniate lateral setae....................................................... 5 - Segment V of the abdomen with 3 taeniate lateral setae....................................................... 6 5. Tergites V–VI with large parallel rectangular patches of microspinules that could be connected anteriorly. Pleura II–III without shagreens ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Fig. 2C )................................................ Z. aristate Ekrem & Stur - Tergites V–VI with continous patches of microspinules. Pleura II–III with shagreens ( Zorina, 2008 : Fig. 6)...................................................................................................... Z. elenae Zorina 6. Tubercle of prealar not developed..................................................... Z. hudsoni Ekrem & Stur - Tubercle of prealar moderately to well-developed............................................................ 7 7. Segment III of the abdomen with semi-taeniate lateral setae. Thoracic horn <300 μm long ( Ekrem & Stur 2009 : Figs. 11B–C)................................................................................. Z. sinica Ekrem & Stur - Segment III of the abdomen with simple lateral setae. Thoracic horn> 330 μm long ( Zorina, 2008 : Figs. 16, 18)......... Z. pseudopentatoma Zorina