Taxonomic review of Xenorhyncocoris Miller (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae), with description of X. attractivus sp. nov. and notes on sexual dimorphism of the genus Author Chen, Zhuo 114B2A5A-3D0F-4E06-9C81-207BA77753B6 Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. insectchen625@126.com Author Liu, Yingqi DB34F0CC-7DC8-4BC7-8E3D-042239CA883D Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. yingqiliu0720@163.com Author Cai, Wanzhi 06A808A1-3AF2-46EE-AFCF-36B6F9D6DEE7 Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. caiwz@cau.edu.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2021 2021-04-16 746 1 26 49 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1315 journal article 7263 10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1315 917a7b0c-caa8-4708-9984-bdb3a552eb74 2118-9773 4700114 FE4F837A-DB93-431E-AB0D-C2DCD0987B96 Xenorhyncocoris Miller, 1938 Figs 1–59 Xenorhyncocoris Miller, 1938: 135 . Type species by original designation: Xenorhyncocoris caraboides Miller, 1938 . Xenorhyncocoris – Cook 1977: 64 , 70. — Maldonado Capriles 1990: 78 . — Putshkov & Bérenger 1999: 92 . Revised diagnosis This genus can be recognized within Ectrichodiinae by the following combination of characters: macropterous (male, based on X. attractivus sp. nov. ) or micropterous (female); head club-shaped, subapically widened, distinctly longer than pronotum; ventral surface of anteocular part flat; antenniferous tubercle surrounded by lump-form process laterally; antennae four-segmented, with basiflagellomere shorter than other segments; labial segment II longest and dorsoventrally flattened, segment III inflated, segment IV flattened laterally; apex of prosternum acute, distinctly surpassing fore coxae; metathoracic gland evaporatorium invisible in lateral view; femora not thickened; apexes of tibiae bulbous; fossula spongiosa present on fore and mid tibiae; abdominal tergite II with three longitudinal ridges. In macropterous male, anterior pronotal lobe distinctly shorter but more than half as long as posterior lobe; scutellum broad, with 1+1 widely separated apical prongs and 1+1 lateral prongs; fore wing nearly reaching apex of abdomen. In micropterous female, anterior pronotal lobe distinctly longer than posterior lobe, swollen; scutellum broad, suberect or erect, with 1+1 widely separated apical prongs; fore wing not reaching apex of scutellum. Redescription Macropterous male (based on X. attractivus sp. nov. ) COLORATION. Body generally blackish brown ( Figs 12–14 ); ocelli, basi- and disti- (except apical ⅓) flagellomeres, tarsi, anterolateral angles of each connexival segment and spiracles yellowish brown; connexivum faintly tinged with brown; apex of abdomen lighter. STRUCTURE. Body oblong; body surface generally glabrous, moderately shining and wrinkled. Body surface with decumbent, tiny pubescence, difficult to observe; antennae densely covered with decumbent and erect, short, white setae; inner surfaces of fore trochanter and femur with several sparsely distributed, erect, long, white setae; inner surfaces of tibiae (except basal ⅓) with decumbent and suberect, short setae; apexes of tibiae and ventral surfaces of tarsi densely covered with short golden setae ( Figs 21–22 ). HEAD ( Figs 18–20 ). Elongate, club-shaped, widened at antenniferous tubercles, 1.35 times as long as pronotum; anteocular part distinctly longer than postocular part, ventral surface flat, midpoint slightly concave; eyes large, strongly protruding laterally, ventral margin far remote from ventral surface of head; width across eyes slightly broader than width between antenniferous tubercles; ocelli situated on tubercle; anteclypeus slightly elevated. Antennal insertion situated before middle of anteocular part but relatively far from apex of head; antenniferous tubercle produced, surrounded by lump-form process laterally ( Fig. 19 ); antennae ( Figs 12, 14 ) four-segmented, with antennal scape slightly shorter than head, pedicel longest and slightly curved, basiflagellomere shortest and distiflagellomere slightly longer than basiflagellomere. Labium ( Figs 19–20 ) robust; labial segment II longest and dorsoventrally flattened, apex reaching posterior margin of eye, strongly curved at base; segment III strongly inflated; segment IV strongly flattened laterally, knife-like. PRONOTUM ( Figs 18–19 ). Trapezoidal, wider than long; anterior pronotal lobe distinctly shorter but more than half as long as posterior lobe, slightly swollen, with medial longitudinal sulcus restricted in extreme base; posterior lobe broad, with deep, carinulate, medial longitudinal sulcus and a pair of deep, carinulate, lateral sulci; transverse sulcus distinct; lateral pronotal margins constricted; posterior margin slightly convex. Prosternum ( Fig. 20 ) strongly developed, distinctly surpassing fore coxae, apically acute. Scutellum ( Fig. 18 ) broad, with 1+1 widely separated apical prongs and 1+1 lateral prongs; midpoint of scutellum depressed. Anterior margin of mesopleuron with a row of distinct punctuations ( Fig. 19 ). Mesosternum ( Fig. 20 ) with a shallow, medial, longitudinal furrow. Metapleuron ( Fig. 19 ) longer than high. Metasternum ( Fig. 20 ) slightly swollen on both sides. Metathoracic gland callus present in lateral view; metathoracic gland evaporatorium small, not extend dorsally in lateral view. LEGS. Slender ( Figs 12–14 ). Femora not thickened, slightly sinuated subapically; tibiae slenderer than respective femora, straight; apex of fore tibia bulbous, laterally compressed forming a blunt, weak dorsal carina ( Fig. 21 ); tarsomere III subequal to combined length of tarsomeres I and II; fore and mid tibiae with fossula spongiosa occupying about apical 0.15 of their ventral surface ( Fig. 22 ). WINGS. Well developed. Fore wing ( Fig. 23 ) nearly reaching apex of abdomen; corium with majority parts of M and Cu separate; membrane with base of outer cell distinctly shorter than inner cell, distal part of R forming a close cell with M, distal part of M extending beyond apex of outer cell. Hind wing ( Fig. 24 ) with distal parts of Sc, R and M reaching outer margin; hamus nearly reaching base of hind wing; only one secondary vein. ABDOMEN. Ovoid, with lateral outline rounded ( Figs 12, 14 ). Abdominal tergite II with three longitudinal ridges. Ventral laterotergites II to VI distinctly separate from respective sternites. Intersternal sutures of segments II to VI carinulate; midpoint of anterior margins of sternites IV to VI curved anteriorly; anterior margin of sternite VII strongly curved anteriorly; segment VII distinctly expanded posteriorly ( Fig. 25 ); segment VIII invisible at resting state ( Fig. 25 ). Spiracles round. MALE GENITALIA. Pygophore ( Figs 26–28 ) short, oblong; median process directed dorsoposteriad. Parameres ( Figs 29–32 ) relatively stout, bent, with a subapical process. Micropterous female COLORATION. Body generally brown to blackish brown ( Figs 1–3 , 15–17 , 46–48 , 57–59 ); tarsi, anterolateral and posterolateral angles of each connexival segment, apical margin of abdomen, spiracles and valvula I yellowish brown. STRUCTURE. Body shape and vestiture similar to those in male, but differs in the following characteristics: body robust; antennal scape and basal half of pedicel bare; lateral margins of prosternum with suberect, short, golden setae; head thickened, 1.8–2.2 times as long as pronotum; eyes small; width between antenniferous tubercles broader than width across eyes; ocelli strongly reduced; anteclypeus not elevated; antennal scape distinctly shorter than head; pronotum nearly square; anterior pronotal lobe much longer than and as wide as or slightly narrower than posterior lobe, swollen dorsally; medial longitudinal sulcus of pronotum reduced to deep, medial depression; lateral margins of anterior pronotal lobe marginated; posterior margin of pronotum concave; prosternum much longer, reaching or surpassing anterior margins of mid coxae; scutellum suberect or erect, with prongs weakly developed; fossula spongiosa larger, occupying about apical 0.2 of ventral surface of fore and mid tibiae; fore wing not reaching apex of scutellum; abdomen broader, with ventral surface slightly flattened in middle. FEMALE GENITALIA. Platelike ( Figs 10–11 , 42–43 , 55–56 , 59 ); tergite VIII transverse, anterior and posterior margins nearly straight; tergite IX large, trapezoidal, with transverse depression subapically; posteromedian margin of valvifer I slightly sinuate; valvula I small, triangular, with posterior margin slightly concave; styloid visible in resting state. Diversity and distribution Four species, occurring in the Oriental Region ( Fig. 60 ). Female-based key to species of Xenorhyncocoris Miller, 1938 1. Body length about 37 mm ; head 2.2 times as long as pronotum; anteocular part 1.3 times as long as postocular part; labial segment II surpassing posterior margin of eye, curved dorsally, approaching ventral surface of head; apex of prosternum almost reaching posterior margins of mid coxal cavities ..................................................................................................... X. caraboides Miller, 1938 – Body length about 34 mm or less; head 1.8–1.9 times as long as pronotum; anteocular part 1.4–1.7 times as long as postocular part; labial segment II reaching posterior margin of eye, straight or curved dorsally; apex of prosternum reaching middle of mid coxae or less .................................... 2 2. Body blackish brown; labial segment II curved dorsally, approaching ventral surface of head; pronotum 1.15 times as broad as its length along midline; scutellum erect; fore wing reaching middle of scutellum ..................................................................................................... X. attractivus sp. nov. – Body brown; labial segment II straight; pronotum as broad as its length along midline; scutellum suberect; fore wing surpassing middle of scutellum ......................................................................... 3 3. Anteocular part 1.4 times as long as postocular part; labial segment II 1.9 times as long as segment III, with ventral surface thickened at apical ⅔; prosternum reaching anterior margins of mid coxae ...................................................................................................................... X. princeps Miller, 1949 – Anteocular part 1.7 times as long as postocular part; labial segment II 1.6 times as long as segment III, with apex bulbous; prosternum reaching middle of mid coxae .................................................... ........................................................................................ X. schoenitzeri Putshkov & Bérenger, 1999