An overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses
Author
Schileyko, Arkady A.
schileyko1965@gmail.com
Author
Vahtera, Varpu
varpu.vahtera@gmail.com
Author
Edgecombe, Gregory D.
0000-0002-9591-8011
schileyko1965@gmail.com
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-08-10
4825
1
1
64
journal article
8703
10.11646/zootaxa.4825.1.1
5ab5f5c8-481e-4d1a-8643-21e72c367278
1175-5326
4402145
F230F199-1C94-4E2E-9CE4-5F56212C015F
Subfamily
Scolopendrinae Leach, 1814
Synonyms. Perustigminae Verhoeff, 1941
Diagnosis.
Anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite with tooth-plates; forcipular trochantero-prefemur with welldeveloped process. Sternites with well-developed (usually complete in most sternites) paramedian sutures, in most genera without depressions (may be present in the former
Asanadini
). Elongated spiracles slit-like, triangular in overwhelming majority of species (oval in some
Cormocephalus
) with well-developed atrium divided by a typical three-valved “flap” (
Fig. 51
, fig. 8 of
Waldock & Edgecombe 2012
). LBS 7 without spiracles. Legs (
Fig. 48
) usually with one (leg 1 sometimes with 2, penultimate leg sometimes lacking) tarsal spur(s). These spurs are totally absent in the
Cormocephalus
-clade (i.e.
Cormocephalus
+
Hemiscolopendra
+
Akymnopellis
+
Campylostigmus
) and in the genus
Asanada
the presence of these spurs may even be subject to intraspecific variability (see below). Ultimate legs in most genera of “common” shape (
Figs 54
,
65
,
70
), more rarely quasi “pincer-shaped” (i.e. much shortened and enlarged except for pretarsus, for example in
Asanada
and the former genus
Kanparka
,
Figs 81
and
57
respectively) or even truly “pincer-shaped” (
Scolopendropsis
and some species of
Cormocephalus
(
Cormocephalus
)
,
Figs 45
,
64
). Ultimate leg prefemur practically always with some chitinized spines (their number may vary considerably;
Figs 44
,
49
,
56
,
72
) plus corner spine (
Figs 54
,
57
); claw-shaped pretarsus well-developed.
Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 397)
also wrote: “Posteriorly directed spines along plicae of gizzard.”
FIGURES 40–47.
Tonkinodentus lestes
Schileyko, 1992
; Holotype adt Rc 6358
40
forcipular segment ventrally; Sad. Rc 6555
41
ultimate LBS, legs 20 + ultimate legs dorso-laterally;
Scolopendropsis duplicata
Chagas-Jr,
Edgecombe & Minelli, 2008
; Paratype IBSP 2392 or MNRJ 15306 (photo by Dr. Amazonas Chagas-Jr)
42
head, forcipular segment + LBS 1–3 ventrally; Holotype MNRJ 15258
43
ultimate LBS ventrally; Paratype IBSP 2392 or MNRJ 15306 (photo by Dr. Amazonas Chagas-Jr)
44
posterior half of ultimate LBS + ultimate legs ventrally;
Scolopendropsis bahiensis
Brandt, 1841
; Live specimen (photo by Dr. Adriano Kury)
45
general view dorsally;
Scolopendropsis duplicata
Chagas-Jr,
Edgecombe & Minelli, 2008
(photos by Dr. Amazonas Chagas-Jr); Paratype IBSP 2392 or MNRJ 15306
46
head + LBS 1 dorsally
47
ultimate LBS + ultimate legs dorsally; (
20
)—leg 20, (
cx
)—coxopleuron, (
cst
)—forcipular coxosternite, (
dv
)—distoventrolateral process of femur, (
lsc
)—sternal median longitudinal sulcus, (
sl
)—cephalic median longitudinal suture, (
pf
)—ultimate prefemur, (
pr
)—trochantero-prefemoral process, (
sc
)—spine at place of coxopleural process, (
su
)—spines of ultimate prefemur, (
T1
)—tergite 1, (
t1
)—tarsus 1, (
t2
)— tarsus 2, (
ti
)—tibia, (
tp
)—forcipular tooth-plate, (
ust
)—ultimate sternite, (
ut
)—ultimate tergite.
Number of subtaxa.
11 genera (“More than 220 species in 12 genera” sensu
Edgecombe & Bonato 2011: 397
).
Sexual dimorphism.
Present in a few species of both
Scolopendra
and
Akymnopellis
and, likely, in
Tonkinodentus
(see below).
Range.
All tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions.
Remarks.
Treated as a subfamily in
Edgecombe & Bonato (2011: 397)
,
Vahtera
et al.
(2012a: 4
,
2012b: 238
,
2013: 579
),
Schileyko (2014: 174)
,
Schileyko & Stoev (2016: 252)
, Schileyko (2018: 69),
Schileyko & Solovyeva (2019: 138)
.