Morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses reveal two new nematodetrapping fungi (Arthrobotrys, Orbiliaceae) from Yunnan, China Author Yang, Yao-Quan 0000-0003-4516-5258 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & yangyaoquan 0519 @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4516 - 5258 yangyaoquan0519@outlook.com Author Zhang, Fa 0000-0002-3749-2948 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & zhangf @ eastern-himalaya. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3749 - 2948 zhangf@eastern-himalaya.cn Author Li, Zheng-Qiang 0000-0002-3765-1777 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & 15287112675 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3765 - 1777 Author Zhou, Fa-Ping 0000-0002-3800-9321 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & 15721802339 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3800 - 9321 Author Yang, Xiao-Yan 0000-0002-9304-308X Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & yangxy @ eastern-himalaya. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9304 - 308 X yangxy@eastern-himalaya.cn Author Xiao, Wen 0000-0002-4951-7524 Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & The Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in the Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & Yunling black-and-white snub-nosed monkey observation and research station of Yunnan province, Dali Yunnan 671003, P. R. China. & xiaow @ eastern-himalaya. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4951 - 7524 xiaow@eastern-himalaya.cn text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-04-11 591 4 263 272 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.4.3 1179-3163 7835494 Arthrobotrys luzhangensis Y.Q Yang & X.Y Yang sp. nov. ( FIGURE 3 ) IndexFungorum: IF559539 Etymology: —The species name “luzhangensis” refers to the name of the sample collection site: Luzhang Town, Nujiang City, Yunnan Province , China . Material examined: — CHINA , Yunnan Province , Lushui County , Luzhang Town , from forest soil ( 25°56'34.25"N 98°50'21.88"E , 1 December 2017 , Zhang Fa. ( Holotype CGMCC3.20941 , deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center); ex-type culture DL117. Description: — Saprobic on soil. Colonies on PDA white, grew rapidly, reaching 55 mm diameter within 7 days at 26 °C. Mycelium colourless, septate, branched. Macroconidiophores hyaline, erect, septate, unbranched, sometimes produce 1–3 short denticles at the apex and bear single macroconidia on each denticle, 115.5–310 μm (x̅= 219.9 µm, n = 50) long, 3.5–5 μm (x̅= 4.8 µm, n = 50) wide at the base, 1.5–3 μm (x̅= 2.5 µm, n = 50) wide at the apex. Microconidiophores erect, septate, unbranched, produce several short denticles by repeated elongation, bear single microconidia on each denticle, 77–180 μm (x̅= 108.7 µm, n = 50) long, 4–5.5 μm (x̅= 4.3 µm, n = 50) wide at the base, 1.5–2.5 μm (x̅= 1.9 µm, n = 50) wide at the apex. Conidia two types : macroconidia hyaline, smooth, obovoid to fusiform, the central cell is the largest,1–4-septate, mostly 2–3-septate, 23.5–67 × 13.5–26.5 μm (x̅ = 49.6 × 20.2 μm, n = 50); Microconidia clavate or obovoid, hyaline, aseptate, 14–23 × 4.5–7.5 μm (x̅ = 18 × 5.7 μm, n = 50). Chlamydospores globose to ellipsoidal, chain growth. Capturing nematodes using adhesive networks. Additional material examined: — CHINA , Yunnan Province , Luzhang Town , Lushui County , 25°56’34.25”N 98°50’21.88”W , from forest soil, 1 December 2017 , Zhang Fa. Living culture: DLUCC29 . FIGURE 3. Arthrobotrys luzhangensis (CGMCC3.20941, holotype!). a Colony. b Microconidia. c Macroconidia. d Chlamydospores. e Trapping-device: adhesive networks. f Microconidiophores. g Macroconidiophores. Bars: a =10 mm; b–g =10 μm. Notes: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Arthrobotrys luzhangensis is related to A. koreensis , A. obovata , A. scaphoides , A. latisporus , A. botryospora , A. cladodes and A. robusta (91% MLBS, 0.92 BYPP). In morphology, A. luzhangensis (1–4-septate conidia) can be easily distinguished from A. koreensis , A. obovata , A. latisporus , A. botryospora , A. cladodes and A. robusta (0–1-septate conidia) in the shape, size, septation number of conidia (Drechsler 1937, Duddington 1951 , Barron 1979, Zhang et al . 1996 , Su et al . 2011 , Wu et al . 2012 , Zhang & Hyde 2014 ). A. luzhangensis is more similar to A. scaphoides ( Schenck et al . 1977 ) . Their differences are as follows: 1) A. luzhangensis produces two types of conidia, while A. scaphoides produce one type conidia; 2) A. scaphoides produce 1–6-septate conidia, while the conidia of A. luzhangensis have no more than 4 septa. In addition, the conidia of A. luzhangensis are shorter and thicker than those of A. scaphoide [ A. luzhangensis , 23.6–66.9 (49.6) × 13.5–26.7 (20.2) µm versus A. scaphoide , 36.6–79.3 (57) × 11–17.5 (14) µm]; 3) The conidiophores of A. scaphoide bear 1–10 conidia by repeated elongation, while the conidiophores of A. luzhangensis bear 1–3 conidia on short denticles at the apex.