Cave-dwelling Neobisiidae in South China Karst, with descriptions of twelve new species of Bisetocreagris (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) from Guizhou Province Author Feng, Zegang 0000-0002-5809-5984 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5809 - 5984 & College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China chenj @ ioz. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0325 - 2532 & Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, College of Life sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China dudu 06042001 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3347 - 1031 * Corresponding author chenj@ioz.ac.cn Author Zhang, Feng 0000-0002-3347-1031 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, College of Life sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China dudu 06042001 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3347 - 1031 * Corresponding author dudu06042001@163.com Author Chen, Jun 0000-0002-5809-5984 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5809 - 5984 & College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China chenj @ ioz. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0325 - 2532 chenj@ioz.ac.cn text Zootaxa 2023 2023-12-28 5395 1 1 77 https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5395.1.1/52550 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5395.1.1 1175-5334 10438327 CCA38E8E-26E5-47D4-A27D-305554F6097F Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. (Rae双ŁÞ伪AE) http://zoobank.org:act: CAC0EFFE-9041-47FD-BF51-5E4D4B3B8248 Figs 17–21 Type material. Holotype male (Ps.- MHBU-GZ20082001 ): China , Guizhou Province , Zunyi City , Fenggang County , Longquan Town , Yingchun Village , Guanyin Cave ( âṅåǎ义Ṅ凤冈县kȃDzȗǝťūḆñ ), [27°56′25.72″, 107°44′18.19″], 755 m a.s.l. , 20 August 2020 , Zegang Feng , Hongru Xu , Yanmeng Hou leg. Paratypes : 1 male (Ps.- MHBU-GZ20082002 ) , 3 females (Ps.- MHBU-GZ GZ20082003‒05 ), all with the same data as the holotype . 1 female (Ps.- MHBU-GZ16101501 ): China , Guizhou Province , Zunyi City , Fenggang County , Longquan Town , Yingchun Village , Sanyuan Cave ( âṅåǎ义Ṅ凤冈县kȃDzȗǝť三元ñ ), [27°56′29.85″, 107°44′21.55″], 702 m a.s.l. , 15 October 2016 , Mingyi Tian leg. Etymology. The species name, changbing , was derived from the Latinized Mandarin phrase for “slender pedicel” cháng bǐng ( ẗḣ ), which refers to the shape of the pedicel of the pedipalp. Distribution and habitat. This new species is known from the type locality, Guanyin ( Figs 1H , 17A–B ) and Sanyuan caves ( Figs 1H , 17C–D ), located ~ 1 km east of Longquan Town, Fenggang County. Guanyin Cave is located behind a temple on the hillside and has a a triangular entrance (about 4 m high and 2 m wide). There is no agricultural activity around the entrance. Sanyuan Cave is located next to a countryside road and has a rectangular entrance ( 2.5 m high and 1.5 m wide), surrounded by a wall, that is blocked by iron gates. It had been developed as a tourist area with cement pathways built from the entrance to an underground river, but has since then been abandoned. All specimens were collected under the rock ( Fig. 17F ) in the dark zone. Diagnosis. ( ♂ ♀ ). Troglomorphic habitus; carapace with 2 faint eyespots on a flat surface; epistome small and triangular; carapace with 4–6 setae on posterior margin; pedipalp smooth and slender, both chelal fingers with 155–175 teeth; femur 7.80–8.34 ( ♂ ), 7.67–7.97 ( ♀ ) times (length 2.73–2.92 ( ♂ ), 2.85–2.99 ( ♀ )), patella 6.70–7.22 times (length 2.88–3.12) longer than wide, pedicel more than half the patella length. Hand with pedicel 3.78–4.04 ( ♂ ), 3.29–3.62 ( ♀ ) times (length 1.93–2.02 ( ♂ ), 1.94–2.32 ( ♀ )), chela with pedicel 8.51–8.56 ( ♂ ), 7.32–7.68 ( ♀ ) times (length 4.28–4.34 ( ♂ ), 4.44–4.76 ( ♀ )) longer than wide, finger 1.21–1.32 ( ♂ ), 1.14–1.22 ( ♀ ) times longer than hand with pedicel. Chelicera: rallum with 8–9 pinnate setae, distal one with an expanded base. Description. Male ( holotype ; paratype male in parentheses; Figs 18A , 19A ). Carapace, chelicerae, and pedipalps reddish brown; abdomen and legs yellowish. FIGURE 17. Guanyin and Sanyuan caves, type locality of Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. , A. Surrounding surface environment with the entrance of Guanyin Cave, the temple is built in front of the entrance; B. Entrance of Guanyin Cave; C. Surrounding surface environment with the entrance of Sanyuan Cave; D. Entrance of Sanyuan Cave, locked by an iron door E. The artificial trail inside the Sanyuan Cave; E. Area where B. changbing sp. nov. specimens were collected. FIGURE 18. Live individuals of Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. (A: male; B: female) on the ground. FIGURE 19. Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. , A. Holotype male, dorsal view; B. Paratype female, dorsal view. Carapace ( Figs 20A , 21A–B ): smooth, 1.28 (1.31) times longer than wide, with a total of 24 (25) setae, including 4 (4) on anterior margin, 5 (6) on posterior margin, and 1 (1) on each side of anteroantero-lateral margin; with 2 faint eyespots on a flat surface ( Fig. 20B ); epistome small and triangular. Chelicera ( Figs 20B , 21B–C, E ): hand with 7 (6–7) setae, movable finger with 1 (1) submedial seta; fixed finger with 15–16 (13–15) teeth; movable finger with 12–13 (12–14) teeth; serrula exterior with 42–46 lamellae; serrula interior with 27–30 lamellae. Galea ( Fig. 21E ) divided into 2–3 main branches, and each branch divided into multiple sub-branches. Rallum ( Fig. 21C ) with 8 pinnate blades, distal-most blade with an expanded base, distal-most 2 blades separated from others, proximal blade short. FIGURE 20. Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. , holotype male (A–F, H–I), female (G). A. Carapace, dorsal view; B. Eye area, lateral view; C. Right chelicera, dorsal view; D. Right chela, lateral view; E. Right pedipalp, dorsal view; F. Male genitalia; G. Female genitalia; H. Right leg I, lateral view; I. Right leg IV, lateral view. FIGURE 21 Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. , holotype male (A–G, I–M), female (H). A. Carapace, dorsal view; B. Right chelicera, dorsal view; C. Rallum; D. Subterminal tarsal seta; E. Galea; F. Movable finger of chelicera, showing galea; G. Male genitalia, ventral view; H. Female genitalia, ventral view; I. Right chela, dorsal view; J. Right chelal fingers, retrolateral view; K. Right pedipalp, minus chela, dorsal view; L. Right leg I, lateral view; M. Right leg IV, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (C–F), 0.25 mm (B, G–H), 0.5 mm (A), 1 mm (I–M). Pedipalps ( Figs 20D–E , 21I–K ): apex of coxae rounded, with 5 (5) setae on each side, pedipalpal coxae with 7–8 (7) setae. Pedipalp smooth and slender. Trochanter 3.39 (3.49) times longer than wide, femur 8.34 (7.80), patella 7.22 (7.02) times longer than wide, pedicel obviously more than half the entire length of patella, chela (with pedicel) 8.56 (8.51), chela (without pedicel) 7.58 (7.55) times longer than wide, movable finger 1.58 (1.75) times longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger with 8 trichobothria, movable finger with 4, eb and esb on lateral margin of hand; ib , ist and isb closely grouped at the base of the fixed finger; est slightly base of finger middle; it closer to fingertip than et ; on movable finger st nearer to t than to sb , the latter nearer b than to st , the distance between sb and b is somewhat equal to that of sb and st ( Figs 20D , 21I–J ). Venom apparatus present only in the fixed chelal finger, venom duct short, not extending past half of the distance to et . Fixed chelal finger with 169 (160) teeth of unequal length, which are blunt and round in distal and middle part, flat and retrorse in basal part; movable finger with 171 (168) teeth, which are flat and retrorse in distal and middle part, flat, retrorse and the length is unequal in basal part; all teeth contiguous. Abdomen:pleural membrane granulated.Tergal chaetotaxy(I–XI):Tergal chaetotaxy(I–XI):6:6:6:6:6:6:7:8:9:9:8 (6:6:6:6:7:7:7:8:8:8:7); sternal chaetotaxy (V–XI):10:15:15:15:15:14:11:4 (10:14:14:14:15:12:11:4); stigmata with 4–6 (5–6) setae; anal cone with 2 dorsal and 2 ventral setae. Male genital area ( Figs 20F , 21G ): sternite II with 38 (34) scattered setae; sternite III with anteromedian groove flanked by one small seta on each side, with 22 (17) posterior setae. Legs: coxae chaetotaxy (I–IV): 8:6–7:4–5:10–12 (9:5:3:9). Leg I ( Figs 20H , 21L ): femur 7.23 (7.23), patella 5.10 (4.76), tibia 8.69 (9.79), basitarsus 5.31 (4.92), telotarsus 7.50 (7.67) times longer than wide, femur 1.56 (1.59) times longer than patella, telotarsus 1.30 (1.44) times longer than basitarsus. Leg IV( Figs 20I , 21D, M ): femur + patella 8.26 (8.53) times longer than wide, femur shorter than patella, tibia 12.10 (12.05), basitarsus 5.56 (5.80), telotarsus 8.21 (8.00) times longer than wide, telotarsus 1.29 (1.29) times longer than basitarsus; basitarsus with one tactile setae (TS=0.11), telotarsus with one tactile setae (TS=0.42–0.50); subterminal tarsal seta ( Fig. 21D ) bifurcate, both branches dentated; arolium not divided, shorter than the slender and simple claws. Females ( paratypes ; Figs 18B , 19B ): mostly same as holotype and paratype males. Chelicera. Hand with 6–7 setae, movable finger with 1 submedial seta; fixed finger with 12–16 teeth; movable finger with 13–17 teeth; serrula exterior with 43–45 lamellae; serrula interior with 31–32 lamellae. Galea divided into 2 main branches, and each one branch divided into multiple sub-branches; rallum of 8–9 blades, and similar to holotype . Pedipalps. Apex of coxae rounded, with 5–6 setae on each side. Pedipalpal coxae with 6–8 setae. Trochanter 3.12–3.36, femur 7.67–7.97, patella 6.70–7.19, chela (with pedicel) 7.32–7.68, chela (without pedicel) 6.42–6.83 times longer than wide, movable finger 1.50–1.60 times longer than hand (without pedicel). Fixed chelal finger with about 155–170 teeth, movable finger with about 160–175 teeth. Abdomen. Tergal chaetotaxy (I–XI): 6:6:5–6:6:6:6–7:6:6–9:8:7–9:6–7; sternal chaetotaxy (IV–XI): 8–11:13– 15:12–15:13–14:12–14:11–14:11–14:3–4. Female genital area ( Figs 20G , 21H ): sternite II with 4–9 setae on each side; sternite III with a row of 12–15 setae on the posterior margin. Measurements: (length/breadth or depth in mm; ratios for most characters in parentheses). Holotype male ( paratype male in square brackets). Body length 3.96 [3.76]. Carapace 1.36/1.06 (1.28) [1.35/1.03(1.31)]. Pedipalpal trochanter 1.29/0.38 (3.39) [1.29/0.37 (3.49)], femur 2.92/0.35 (8.34) [2.73/0.35 (7.80)], patella 2.96/0.41 (7.22) [2.88/0.41 (7.02)], chela (with pedicel) 4.28/0.50 (8.56) [4.34/0.51 (8.51)], chela (without pedicel) 3.79/0.50 (7.58) [3.85/0.51 (7.55)], hand length (without pedicel) 1.55 [1.46], movable finger length 2.45 (1.58 times longer than hand without pedicel) [2.55 (1.75 times longer than hand without pedicel)]. Leg I: trochanter 0.44/0.28 (1.57) [0.47/0.28 (1.68)], femur 1.59/0.22 (7.23) [1.59/0.22 (7.23)], patella 1.02/0.20 (5.10) [1.00/0.21 (4.76)], tibia 1.39/0.16 (8.69) [1.37/0.14 (9.79)], basitarsus 0.69/0.13 (5.31) [0.64/0.13 (4.92)], telotarsus 0.90/0.12 (7.50) [0.92/0.12 (7.67)]. Leg IV: trochanter 0.73/0.30 (2.43) [0.78/0.31 (2.52)], femur + patella 2.56/0.31 (8.26) [2.56/0.30 (8.53)], tibia 2.42/0.20 (12.10) [2.41/0.20 (12.05)], basitarsus 0.89/0.16 (5.56) [0.87/0.15 (5.80)], telotarsus 1.15/0.14 (8.21) [1.12/0.14 (8.00)]. Females ( paratypes ). Body length 3.73–5.41. Carapace 1.37–1.52/1.11–1.19 (1.21–1.28). Pedipalpal trochanter 1.27–1.34/0.38–0.43 (3.12–3.36), femur 2.85–2.99/0.36–0.39 (7.67–7.97), patella 2.88–3.12/0.42–0.46 (6.70–7.19), chela (with pedicel) 4.44–4.76/0.59–0.65 (7.32–7.68), chela (without pedicel) 3.90–4.17/0.59–0.65 (6.42–6.83), hand length (without pedicel) 1.50–1.78, movable finger length 2.48–2.67 (1.50–1.60 times longer than hand without pedicel). Leg I: trochanter 0.43–0.45/0.27–0.30 (1.43–1.67), femur 1.58–1.64/0.22–0.25 (6.56–7.41), patella 0.96– 1.01/0.20–0.22 (4.57–5.05), tibia 1.36–1.44/0.15–0.16 (8.50–9.4), basitarsus 0.64–0.66/0.12–0.14 (4.57–5.33), telotarsus 0.90–0.95/0.12–0.13 (7.15–7.92). Leg IV: trochanter 0.77–0.82/0.31–0.32 (2.41–2.65), femur + patella 2.56–2.73/0.30–0.31 (8.53–8.81), tibia 2.43–2.56/0.18–0.21 (12.15–14.17), basitarsus 0.87–0.93/0.15–0.16 (5.75– 6.20), telotarsus 1.13–1.20/0.14–0.16 (7.13–8.29). Remarks. Bisetocreagris changbing sp. nov. is similar to B. baozinensis Mahnert et Li, 2016 in having a slender pedipalpal and a pedipalpal pedicel about half the entire length of pedipalpal patella, but it can be distinguished by the presence of 2 faint eyespots ( vs. B. baozinesis without eyes or eyespots); the pedicel distinctly more than half the patella length ( vs. pedicel about half the patella length in B. baozinensis ); and the pedipalpal patella 7.02–7.22 ( ♂ ), 6.70‒7.22 ( ♀ ) vs. 6.4‒7.0 ( ♂ ), 6.0‒6.1 ( ♀ ) times longer than wide in B. baozinensis . This new species is similar, in pedipalpal proportions, to B. tenuipalma sp. nov. and B. sanmen sp. nov. , but can be distinguished by the presence of 2 faint eyespots on a flat surface of carapace ( vs. with 4 eyespots on the slightly raised surface in B. tenuipalma sp. nov. ); the pedicel distinctly more than half the patella length ( vs. pedicel about half the patella length in B. tenuipalma sp. nov. and B. sanmen sp. nov. ); and the smooth pedipalp ( vs. chela hand with fine granular in B. tenuipalma sp. nov. and B. sanmen sp. nov. ).