An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 Author Tan, Jiang-Li Author Achterberg, Kees Van Author Duan, Mei-Jiao Author Chen, Xue-Xin text Zootaxa 2014 3785 3 377 399 journal article 46049 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3 85cfbf94-de72-4c76-8e30-fad5e70fd3d4 1175-5326 253064 EFCFD90F-8367-48CC-8D89-E1E4506D276F Key to species of the subgenus Gyrostoma from China 1. Metasoma uniformly reddish brown to dark brown. Dorsal episternal groove ( Fig. 5 a) or epicnemial carina absent ( Fig. 5 a') and area densely punctate. Last visible sternite of male without apophyses ( Fig. 5 b)................................. 2 FIGURE 5. Polistes gigas (Kirby, 1826) (a, female) and P. tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 (a', female; b, male). - Metasoma generally black with abundant yellow markings or largely yellow. Dorsal episternal groove and epicnemial carina both present ( Fig. 6 aa) and area comparatively sparsely punctate. Last visible sternite of male with apophyses ( Fig. 6 bb, bb') (except Polistes tenuispunctia ).......................................................................... 3 FIGURE 6. Polistes rothneyi f. grahami van der Vecht, 1968 (aa, female; bb, male) and P. jokahamae Rdoszkowsi, 1887 (bb', male) 2. Malar space of female as long as distance from inner edge of one antennal socket to outer edge of other ( Fig. 7 a). Parastigma (pa) of fore wing longer than ventral margin of pterostigma (pt) ( Fig. 7 b). Dorsal episternal groove absent, epicnemial carina present ( Fig. 1 a). Male: mandible ( Fig. 7 c) and terminal segment of antenna ( Fig. 7 d) modified... P. (G.) gigas ( Kirby, 1826 ) FIGURE 7. Polistes gigas (Kirby, 1826) (a–b, female; c–d, male). - Malar space of female shorter than distance from inner edge of one antennal socket to outer edge of other socket ( Fig. 8 aa). Parastigma (pa) of fore wing shorter than the ventral margin of pterostigma (pt) ( Fig. 8 bb). Dorsal episternal groove present; epicemial carina absent ( Fig. 1 a'). Male: mandible ( Fig. 8 cc) and terminal segment antenna ( Fig. 8 dd) normally shaped............................................................................ P. (G.) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 FIGURE 8. Polistes tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836 (aa–bb, female; cc–dd, male) 3. Body generally yellow. Mesopleuron weakly and sparsely punctate medially ( Fig. 9 a)................................ 4 FIGURE 9. Polistes olivaceus (De Geer, 1773) (left) and P. wattii Cameron, 1900 (right), female. - Body black or dark brown with yellow pattern. Mesopleuron strongly and densely punctate medially( Fig. 10 aa)......... 5 FIGURE 10. Polistes rothneyi f. iwatai van der Vecht, 1968 (left, female, paratype) and P. jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 (right, female) 4. Female: fore wing length 15 – 28 mm . Body always with black pattern and at least dorsal sulcus of clypeus of female black ( Fig. 11 a). Male: clypeus evenly convex ( Fig. 11 b). Lateral tubercles on each side of apex of last sternite subtriangular and wider at base ( Fig. 11 c), its terminal apophyses long and spatulate apically ( Fig. 11 d)............. P. (G.) olivaceus ( De Geer, 1773 ) FIGURE 11. Polistes olivaceus (De Geer, 1773) (a, female; b–d, male). - Female: fore wing length 11-17 mm . Body without black pattern, including medial part of dorsal sulcus of clypeus of female ( Fig. 12 aa), but sometimes surroundings of ocelli darkened. Male: clypeus with impression ( Fig. 12 bb). Lateral tubercles of last sternite more cylindrical and narrower basally ( Fig. 12 cc), its terminal apophyses long and pointed apically ( Fig. 12 dd)................................................................................. (G.) wattii Cameron , 1900 FIGURE 12. Polistes wattii Cameron, 1900 (aa, female; bb–dd, male). 5. Male: apical 3–4 antennal flagellomeres flattened and curved ( Fig. 13 a). Last visible sternite without apophyses ( Fig. 13 b). Female: ventral third of occipital carina absent or vestigial ( Fig. 13 c) and yellow apical part of first tergite widened laterally ( Fig. 13 d), China (Shaanxi).................................................... P. (G.) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 FIGURE 13. Polistes tenuispunctia Kim, 2001 (a, b, male; c, d, female). - Male: antenna generally not curved apically, 3 – 4 apical flagellomeres cylindrical, at most terminal flagellomere spatulate ( Fig. 14 aa). Last visible sternite with apophyses ( Fig. 14 bb). Female: ventral third of occipital carina variable ( Fig. 14 cc), yellow apical part of first tergite parallel-sided laterally ( Fig. 14 dd).................................................... 6 FIGURE 14. Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 (aa below, cc right) and P. rothneyi Cameron, 1900 (aa above, bb, cc and dd left) 6. Female: occipital carina incomplete, not reaching base of mandible ( Fig. 15 a). Male: clypeus narrowly separated from eyes ( Fig. 15 b). Terminal antennal flagellomere slightly curved and cylindrical ( Fig. 15 c). Lateral tubercles of last sternite less protruding ( Fig. 15 d), its apophyses short and truncated apically ( Fig. 15 e).................. P. (G.) jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 FIGURE 15. Polistes jokahamae Radoszkowski, 1887 (a, female; b–e, male). - Female: occipital carina complete, reaching base of mandible ( Fig. 16 aa). Male: clypeus touching eyes ( Fig. 16 bb). Terminal antennal flagellomere spatulate, flattened and widened ( Fig. 16 cc). Lateral tubercles of last sternite distinctly protruding ( Fig. 16 dd), its apophyses long and narrow ( Fig. 16 ee)................................... P. (G.) rothneyi Cameron , 1900