Nine new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling mountains in China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) Author Gao, Xuefeng College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China Author Shi, Li College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China lirui2003@imau.edu.cn text Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-21 4608 3 401 432 journal article 22640 10.11646/zootaxa.4608.3.1 f179bd5c-50e0-41d5-8688-5ab014f5d014 1175-5326 3770275 2F1CC45E-0F86-4921-8B88-AD3C14D74671 Key to separate forty species in the Homoneura ( Homoneura ) henanensis group [Modified from Shi et al. , 2017 , inserting the nine new species into the key] 1. Wing with brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 slightly elongating to costal margin (see Shatalkin, 2000 : fig. 28); surstylus claviform with 3 long setulae, postgonite long coniform with 5 short setulae (see Sasakawa, 1982 : fig. 4)................................................................................................... H . ( H .) hirayamae (Matsumura) - Wing without brown spot at tip of Sc and R 1 ................................................................ 2 2. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Fig. 7 )............................ 3 - Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu ( Fig. 40 )........................... 9 3. Palpus yellow except for black at tip; surstylus broad, sheet-like with short apical setulae in lateral view and curved apically in posterior view (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 92, 94)................................ H . ( H .) dadongshanica Shi & Yang - Palpus entirely yellow; surstylus not as above............................................................... 4 4. Subcostal cell hyaline or pale yellow...................................................................... 5 - Subcostal cell brown apically............................................................................ 6 5. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; ctenidium with 14 short setae on fore femur; surstylus with a small acute teethlike process in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a : Fig. 8 )............................... H . ( H .) brevis Gao & Yang - Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows ( Fig. 4 ); ctenidium with 17 short setae on fore femur; surstylus long and furcated in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ).................................................. H . ( H .) anadequata sp. nov. 6. Arista with longest ray slightly shorter than 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 26 ); mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 6 rows ( Fig. 27 ); surstylus with a small triangluar process with several setulae in lateral view ( Fig. 30 )....................................................................................... H . ( H .) dagupingensis sp. nov. - Arista with longest ray almost as long as height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 8−10 rows; surstylus not as above.................................................................................. 7 7. Arista with longest ray shorter than height of 1st flagellomere; ctenidium with 19 short setae on fore femur; surstylus consisting of a wide knife-like process with many short ventral hairs and a triangular process, incurved apically ( Shi et al. , 2017 : figs 35, 39)....................................................................... H . ( H .) stepheni Shi, Gao & Shen - Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; ctenidium with 11−16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus not as above............................................................................................... 8 8. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 10 rows; ctenidium with 13−16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus short and broad, with a row of long apical setulae ( Shi et al. , 2017 : figs 5, 9)................. H . ( H .) jiangxiensis Shi, Gao & Shen - Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in irregular 8 rows ( Fig. 82 ); ctenidium with 10−11 short setae on fore femur; surstylus with a short bar-like process in lateral view and a subapical concavity ( Fig. 87 )............. H . ( H .) similicurvata sp. nov. 9. Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of apical spot on R 4+5 ; apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu or at least 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ................................................ 10 - Basal edge of brown apical spot on R 4+5 behind vertical level of apical spot on R 2+3 ; apical spot on R 4+5 far from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu and shorter than 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 ........................................... 13 10. Apical spot on R 4+5 close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 16 short setae on fore femur; surstylus acute apically in lateral view; pregonite absent; postgonite consisting of a bifurcated process and a subuliform process in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 102, 105)............................................. H . ( H .) denticulata Shi & Yang - Apical spot on R 4+5 about 2/3 length of ultimate section of M 1 , not close to brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; ctenidium with 12- 14 short setae on fore femur; surstylus blunt apically in lateral view, pregonite with a reverse U-shaped process and postgonite consisting a pair of subuliform processes in ventral view..................................................... 11 11. Hypandrium with a short ventral process; pregonite with a pair of reverse U-shaped process in ventral view; postgonite short subuliform, but pregonite longer than postgonite in ventral view............................................... 12 - Hypandrium with a long ventral process; shape of pregonite and postgonite as above, but pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 198, 199)............................. H . ( H .) pseudograndis Papp & Gaimari 12. Phallus with a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite asymmetrical distinctly (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 258, 259)............................................. H . ( H .) simigrandis Shi & Yang - Phallus without a pair of lateral teeth subapically in ventral view; two arms of reverse U-shaped pregonite almost symmetrical in length (see Papp & Gaimari, 2013 : fig. 14)............................................ H . ( H .) grandis (Kertész) 13. Wing with brown string-like spot on R 2+3 and apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 ; epandrium slender and surstylus acute apically with a long seta in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2003 : figs 6, 7)........................... H . ( H .) curvispina Gao & Yang - Wing with round, elliptical or quadrate spot on R 2+3 , R 4+5 and M 1 , not as above; epandrium and surstylus not as above..... 14 14. Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3 , R 4+5 and M 1 entirely confluent, or slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between apical spots on R 2+3 , R 4+5 and M 1 .............................................................. 15 - Wing with brown apical spots on R 4+5 and M 1 confluent, separated from apical spot on R 2+3 , or apical spots on R 2+3 , R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated.................................................................................... 18 15. Brown medial spot on R 4+5 separated from brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 16 - Brown medial spot on R 4+5 confluent with brown cloud on crossvein dm-cu...................................... 17 16. Body length 8.6 mm ; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 at same vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a large rectangular spot on R 4+5 , at middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu (see Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2001 : fig. 13); only female known...................................................................... H . ( H .) yaromi Yang, Hu & Zhu - Body length 5.7–6.3 mm ; basal edge of brown apical spot on R 2+3 behind vertical level of crossvein dm-cu; a small round or quadrate spot on R 4+5 , slightly beyond middle point of distance between crossveins r-m and dm-cu ( Shi, Gao & Shen, 2017 : figs 13, 14); both female and male known............................................ H . ( H .) martini Shi, Gao & Shen 17. Antennal 1st flagellomere brown except for yellow base; fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; hypandrium circular; surstylus wide claviform with two apical setulae in posterior view (see Gao & Yang, 2002 : fig. 4)....................................................................................................... H . ( H .) guizhouensis Gao & Yang - Antennal 1st flagellomere entirely yellow; fore femur with 6 posteroventral setae; hypandrium semicircular; surstylus consisting of a triangular outer process and a short claviform inner process in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2005a : fig. 20). H . ( H .) yangi Gao & Yang 18. Wing with brown apical spot on R 4+5 and M 1 slightly confluent and forming pale brown connecting area between two apical spots; apical spot on R 2+3 distinctly separated from apical spot on R 4+5 ........................................... 19 - Wing with brown apical spots on R 2+3 , R 4+5 and M 1 entirely separated............................................ 30 19. Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................................................. 20 - Mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6–8 rows............................................................ 22 20. Subcostal cell brown apically; abdominal tergites 2–5 without pale brown posterior margin; surstylus not as above....... 21 - Subcostal cell hyaline; abdominal tergites 2–5 with pale brown posterior margin; postgonite not extending to apical tip of phallus in ventral view; surstylus bulged claviform, with long setulae in lateral view (see Yang et al , 2001 : figs 7–9)................................................................................... H . ( H .) bispinalis Yang, Hu & Zhu 21. Surstylus T-shaped and rounded apically in lateral view (see Yang et al , 2003 : fig. 29-801B).................................................................................................. H . ( H .) fujianensis Yang, Zhu & Hu - Surstylus short claviform in lateral view and curved upward apically in posterior view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a : figs 38, 40)............................................................................ H . ( H .) tianeensis Gao & Yang 22. Abdomen yellow or pale brown, at least tergites 2–5 with black or brown posterior margin.......................... 23 - Abdomen yellow, tergites 1–6 without brown posterior margin................................................ 24 23. Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; abdomen pale brown; surstylus straight claviform in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2002 : fig. 14)..................................................... H . ( H .) serrata Gao & Yang - Arista with longest ray as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 37 ); abdomen yellow ( Fig. 39 ); surstylus long subuliform in posteror view ( Fig. 41 )......................................................... H . ( H .) longiacutata sp. nov. 24. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae......................................................................... 25 - Mid femur with 4 anterior setae......................................................................... 27 25. Arista with longest ray as long as 4/5 height of 1st flagellomere ( Fig. 48 ); mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6 rows ( Fig. 49 ); surstylus long and curved at apex in lateral view ( Fig. 52 )............................ H . ( H .) longicurva sp. nov. - Arista with longest ray as long as or slightly shorter than height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; surstylus not as above............................................................................ 26 26. Ctenidium with 12 short setae on fore femur; surstylus consisting of a small acute apical process, directed downward and a slender knife-like process with dense setulae on dorsal margin in lateral view (see Yang et al. , 1999 : fig. 2)....................................................................................... H . ( H .) henanensis Yang, Zhu & Hu - Ctenidium with 15−17 short setae on fore femur; surstylus long claviform in lateral view with1–2 long setulae and a few of short hairs (see Shi et al. , 2017 : fig. 24)........................................... H . ( H .) pangae Shi, Gao & Shen 27. Wing with a brown spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 distinctly or slightly confluent with brown spot on crossvein dmcu; surstylus claviform or digitiform..................................................................... 28 - Wing with a brown quadrate spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 separated from brown spot on crossvein dm-cu; surstylus not as above........................................................................................ 29 28. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus absent; pregonite short, broad and acute apically in ventral view; postgonite consisting of a furcated process and a slender subuliform process in ventral view (see Yang et al. , 2001 : fig. 12)................................................................ H . ( H .) curvispinosa Yang, Hu & Zhu - Ctenidium with 13 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; surstylus digitiform with long setulae in lateral view; pregonite and postgonite furcated apically, pregonite shorter than postgonite in ventral view (see Yang et al. , 1999 : fig. 15).................................................................................... H . ( H .) zonalis Yang, Zhu & Hu 29. Fore femur with 3 posteroventral setae; epandrium blunt triangular apically; surstylus separated from epandrium and originated from anterior ventral corner of epandrium, with dense tiny setulae on apical 2/3 (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : fig. 300).................................................................................. H . ( H .) tianjingshanica Shi & Yang - Fore femur with 4 posteroventral setae; epandrium and surstylus fused, blunt round apically (see Yang et al. , 2001 : fig. 2)......................................................................... H . ( H .) tianmushana Yang, Hu & Zhu 30. Ctenidium with 17–19 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur............................................. 31 - Ctenidium with 11–16 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur.............................................. 32 31. The 1st flagellomere about 1.8 times longer than high; surstylus narrow columnar in lateral view and broad with tiny setulae in posterior view; postgonites triangular with sharp apex in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 327, 329)....................................................................................... H . ( H .) zhangjiajiensis Shi & Yang - The 1st flagellomere about 2.3 times longer than high ( Fig. 15 ); surstylus light color and narrow at base while dark yellow and broad at apex, nearly trapeziform with two long setulae in lateral view; postgonite hook-like in lateral view ( Fig. 19 )...................................................................................... H . ( H .) bicolorata sp. nov. 32. Ctenidium with 15 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite long subuliform in ventral view, if ctenidium with 16 short setae, pregonite and postgonite short triangular in lateral view............................. 33 - Ctenidium with 11–14 short setae on ventral margin of fore femur; pregonite and postgonite not as above.............. 35 33. Surstylus without a sharp or triangular process, but blunt round at apex and slightly rolled up with several setulae in lateral view ( Fig. 63 )..................................................................... H . ( H .) miaoae sp. nov. (Part) - Surstylus with a sharp or triangular process and not as above in lateral view...................................... 34 34. Surstylus very broad ball-like with a triangular process apically in lateral view; hypandrium H-shaped; phallus acute subapically in lateral view (see Wang et al , 2012 : figs 30–33)........................ H . ( H .) kuankuoshuiensis Wang & Yang - Surstylus narrow, acute apically in lateral view; hypandrium Y-shaped; phallus blunt round subapically in lateral view (see Shi & Yang, 2014 : figs 66, 70).......................................................... H . ( H .) chinensis Malloch 35. Subcostal cell hyaline or pale yellow apically.............................................................. 36 - Subcostal cell dark apically............................................................................ 39 36. Arista with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows; surstylus consisting of a slender knife-shaped process and a furcated process with several setulae on subapical and apical margin and a small tooth on lateral margin in lateral view (see Wang et al , 2012 : fig. 18)........................ H . ( H .) caoi Wang & Yang - Arista with longest ray at least as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 6−8 rows; sur- stylus not as above................................................................................... 37 37. Syntergosternite 7+8 elliptic without sternal part flat; surstylus broad and margined apically in lateral view ( Fig. 74 ).................................................................................. H . ( H .) platimarginata sp. nov. - Syntergosternite 7+8 circular, but with sternal part flat; surstylus not as above.................................... 38 38. Surstylus yellow, blunt round at apex and slightly rolled up in lateral view ( Fig. 63 ).......... H . ( H .) miaoae sp. nov. (Part) - Surstylus pale brown, with a hyaline rectangular area in lateral view ( Fig. 99 )................ H . ( H .) spectabilis sp. nov. 39. Mid femur with 5 anterior setae; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 8 rows; surstylus wide claviform, truncate apically, without acute apical process in lateral view; postgonite wide triangular, constricted apically and curved upward in ventral view (see Yang et al. , 1999 : fig. 9)................................................... H . ( H .) curvata Yang, Zhu & Hu - Mid femur with 4 or 6–8 anterior setae; mesonotum with acrostichal setulae in 10 rows............................. 40 40. A brown elliptical spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 ; mid femur with 6–8 anterior setae; surstylus curved knifelike, acute apically in lateral view; postgonite longer than phallus, long subuliform, curved forward apically in lateral view (see Gao & Yang, 2004a : figs 32, 35)................................................. H . ( H .) longispina Gao & Yang - A brown square spot present between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5 ; mid femur with 4 anterior setae; surstylus short, triangular and acutate apically, with several long setae on dorsal margin and a row of short setulae on ventral margin in lateral view; both pregonite and postgonite short subuliform, about half length of phallus in ventral view (see Yang et al , 1999 : figs 4–6)......