A remarkable new species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) from western Mexico Author Maldonado-Moreno, Claudia 0000-0001-8652-8049 Mareterra Consultores, Chichén-Itzá 4926, Mirador del Sol, Zapopan, C. P. 45054, Jalisco, Mexico & claudia. maldonado @ mareterraconsultores. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8652 - 8049 claudia.maldonado@mareterraconsultores.com Author Alvarez-Jiménez, Abel De Jesús 0000-0003-1262-8981 Mareterra Consultores, Chichén-Itzá 4926, Mirador del Sol, Zapopan, C. P. 45054, Jalisco, Mexico & abel. alvarez @ mareterraconsultores. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1262 - 8981 abel.alvarez@mareterraconsultores.com Author Gutierrez, Héctor David Juárez- 0000-0002-9551-114X Mareterra Consultores, Chichén-Itzá 4926, Mirador del Sol, Zapopan, C. P. 45054, Jalisco, Mexico & david. juarez @ mareterraconsultores. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9551 - 114 X david.juarez@mareterraconsultores.com Author Alba, Guillermo Alatorre-De 0000-0002-5660-7384 Mareterra Consultores, Chichén-Itzá 4926, Mirador del Sol, Zapopan, C. P. 45054, Jalisco, Mexico & guillermo. alatorre @ mareterraconsultores. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5660 - 7384 guillermo.alatorre@mareterraconsultores.com Author Muñiz-Castro, Miguel Ángel 0000-0002-9127-057X Herbario IBUG (“ Luz María Villarreal de Puga ”), Laboratorio de Ecosistemática, Instituto de Botánica, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramón Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico & miguel. muniz @ academicos. udg. mx; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9127 - 057 X miguel.muniz@academicos.udg.mx text Phytotaxa 2023 2023-09-01 612 1 67 76 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.5 journal article 265153 10.11646/phytotaxa.612.1.5 8be34c2d-071f-4eaa-9167-6e9737d99c57 1179-3163 8308798 Identification key to Commelina occurring in western Mexico 1. Spathe base free, cordate ...................................................................................................................................................................2. - Spathe base connate, truncate............................................................................................................................................................9. 2. Petals equal or subequal ....................................................................................................................................................................3. - Petals strongly unequal......................................................................................................................................................................7. 3. Petals flesh-coloured to buff orange..................................................................................................................................... C . scabra - Petals blue to lilac, rarely white ........................................................................................................................................................4. 4. Plants normally up to or exceeding 1 m , robust; leaves (rarely 1.5 in C . jaliscana ) 2–4.5 cm wide................................................5. - Plants up to 90 cm ; leaves less than 2 cm wide.................................................................................................................................6. 5. Leaves glabrous; spathes obtuse or shortly acuminate at apex, upper cincinnus included in the spathe.......................... C . coelestis - Leaves scaberulous; spathes acuminate to long acuminate at apex, upper cincinnus exserted from the spathe.............. C . jaliscana 6. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, conduplicate; spathes acuminate to long acuminate, usually glabrous (rarely pubescent) ...... ...................................................................................................................................................................................... C . dianthifolia - Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, flat; spathes acute, usually pubescent (rarely glabrescent) ............................... C . tuberosa 7. Plant creeping to ascending, stems slender; inflorescence peduncle 5–20 mm long ........................................................... C . diffusa - Plant erect or decumbent, stems robust; inflorescence peduncle 10–40 mm long............................................................................8. 8. Fruits indehiscent, blue to dark purple when mature ....................................................................................................... C . leiocarpa - Fruits dehiscent, brown when mature.............................................................................................................................. C . texcocana 9. Petals subequal, concolourous.........................................................................................................................................................10. - Petals strongly unequal, discolourous .............................................................................................................................................11. 10. Leaves narrow, often linear, scabrous; inflorescences apparently terminal, peduncle 1–2.5 cm long, spathe 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 cm , scabrid-hirtellous ............................................................................................................................................................... C . standleyi - Leaves broad, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; inflorescences leaf-opposed, peduncle 2.5–6.5 cm long, spathe 3–4.5 × 2–3 cm , glabrous, glaucous ............................................................................. C . occulta 11. Leaf-sheaths auriculate, with white hairs; petals sky blue to pale blue, rarely white or lilac; fruit dehiscent, brown when mature... ............................................................................................................................................................................................... C . erecta - Leaf-sheaths entire, with rusty hairs; petals white; fruit indehiscent, white when mature ............................... C . rufipes var. rufipes