The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) Author Antić, Dragan Ž. Author Makarov, Slobodan E. text Zootaxa 2016 4211 1 1 205 journal article 37322 10.11646/zootaxa.4211.1.1 7af458af-d56d-44e3-a6f7-af97868175d9 1175-5326 272750 6B86C6BA-6AFE-4AAD-870D-04794C138D47 Herculina polysagittae gen. et sp. nov. Figs 157–159 Diagnosis. Differs from the only other known congener, H. oligosagittae gen. et sp. nov. , by the shape of the coxal processes of the anterior gonopods, and by the presence of more numerous arrow-shaped filaments on the coxites of the posterior gonopods. Etymology. To emphasize the presence of numerous arrow-shaped filaments on the coxites of the posterior gonopods. Material studied (total: 1 male , 1 female ). Holotype . GEORGIA : male, S of Bakuriani , Pinus & Fagus forest, 1750 m asl, litter, logs, 13 May 1983 , S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3437). Paratype (total: 1 female). GEORGIA : 1 female , same data as holotype ( ZMUM ρ3438). FIGURE 157. Herculina polysagittae gen. et sp. nov. , paratype female habitus. Scale line = 1 mm. FIGURE 158. Herculina polysagittae gen. et sp. nov. , holotype male. A. Leg 3. B. Leg 4. C. Leg 6. D. Leg 7. E. Leg 10. F. Leg 11. Scale lines = 0.2 mm. Type locality. GEORGIA : S of Bakuriani , Pinus & Fagus forest, 1750 m asl. Description. Body with 31 segments (including telson) in adults. MEASUREMENTS. Holotype male 9 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 0.7 mm . Paratype female 9.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 0.7 mm . COLORATION ( Fig. 157 ). Pale yellowish, with a darker head. HEAD. Flattened in male. Labrum with three medial teeth and 4+4 labral and 2+2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lingual plates with 4+4 setae, on each plate arranged in one row. Stipites with ca 17+17 setae. Antennae 1.4 mm long in holotype . Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.08), II (0.16), III (0.36), IV (0.19), V (0.32), VI (0.16), VII (0.11) and VIII (0.02). Length/breadth ratios of antennomeres I–VII: I (1), II (2), III (4), IV (2), V (3), VI (1.6) and VII (1.2). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one sensillum, respectively. Number of ocelli 9–11, arranged in 4 rows in male; 11–13 in 4 rows in female. COLLUM. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. BODY SEGMENTS ( Fig. 157 ). Lateral keels like lateral swellings. Macrochaetae long and trichoid. CIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.85; MIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 2; PIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.5; MA (pleurotergite 15) ~ 110˚. TELSON. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3+3 setae (1+1 paramedian, 2+2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1+1 apical setae. Paraprocts with 3+3 marginal setae. WALKING LEGS. In both sexes, leg-pairs 1 and 2 with tarsal combs; prefemora with several long and robust setae; femora and postfemora with a group of several long and robust setae. Leg-pairs 12–15 each with a small, inner, subtriangular, coxal protrusion in males (female not examined). MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS ( Fig. 158 ). Leg-pairs 3–7 enlarged, especially so leg-pairs 5 and 6. Leg-pairs 3 and 4 each with a basal exterior protrusion on prefemur. Leg-pairs 6 the most robust, bizarre, femora extremly enlarged, tarsi with a basal inner protrusion. Leg-pair 5 similar to leg-pair 6, but with smaller podomeres. Leg-pair 7 with a posterior, hook-shaped, coxal horn. Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and a short subtriangular coxal protrusion. Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, and an exterior and an interior, rounded, coxal protrusion. FIGURE 159. Herculina polysagittae gen. et sp. nov. , holotype male gonopods. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. C. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. D. Posterior gonopods, anterior view. c = coxite; t = telopodite; af = arrow-like filaments; cp = coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; dl = denticulate lamella= ll = lateral lamella; ml = mesal lamella; sp = sternal plate; ss = sternal sac; lol = longitudinal lamella. Scale line = 0.3 mm. ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 159 A–C). Sternal plate ( sp ) anteriorly with a nippled sternal sac ( ss ). Coxal processes ( cp ) fused in basal third; distal two-thirds divided, but connected by a denticulate lamella ( dl ). Posteriorly, lateral edges of coxal processes carrying a very wide lamella divided into a mesal ( ml ) and a lateral ( ll ) part, both parts with setae and denticles. One more longitudinal lamella ( lol ) present on both mesal sides of coxal processes in posterior view. The latter lamella can only be partly seen in anterior view. Coxal vesicles ( cv ) barely visible in posterior view. POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 159 D). Coxites ( c ) divided. Laterally, with a small telopodite ( t ) with a single, very long, arrow-shaped filament ( af ). The most characteristic parts of coxites are numerous arrow-shaped filaments ( af ). Posteriorly, coxites with lamellar coxal processes ( cp ) with setae. Coxal vesicles ( cv ) located on anteromesal side. Distribution. Georgia (known only from type locality) ( Fig. 170 , red triangle).