Two new species of Enoplida (Nematoda) from the Yellow Sea, China Author Huang, Y. Author Zhang, Z. N. text Journal of Natural History 2009 2009-05-31 43 17 - 18 1083 1092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930902777945 journal article 10.1080/00222930902777945 1464-5262 5216251 Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. ( Figures 1 and 2 ) Type material Holotype : „ 1, Specimen number of new species: LUH001 (Slide number: LUL 08801); paratypes : „ 2, „ 3, „ 4, „ 5, ♀ 1, ♀ 2, ♀ 3 LUH002-008 ( LUL08802-004 , LUR 08901). Type locality and habitat Intertidal muddy-sand sediment in the Yellow Sea, from Lianyungang to Rizhao: 119 ° 30 9 E , 34 ° 42 9 N – 119 ° 34 9 E , 35 ° 26 9 N . Etymology This species is named with reference to the country of the type locality. Measurements ( Table 1 ) {455 W 2350 Holotype „ 1: 2460mm ; a~43:9, b~5:4, c~22:4, Sc~93 25 55 56 39 {459 V 2684 Paratype ♀ 1: 2826mm ; a~40:4, b~6:2, c~19:9, V %~46:5% 27 68 70 49 Description Males . Body length 2540 mm ( 2412–2644 mm ). Maximum diameter 60 mm ( 56– 61 mm ). Six rounded lips with small rounded labial papillae. Ten small rounded cephalic papillae. Buccal cavity large with three teeth. Right subventral tooth larger than remaining two ( 32 mm vs. 26 mm ), which are equal and prominent. Buccal cavity divided by a groove at the level of the tips of the smaller buccal teeth. Amphids pocket-like, 8.5 mm wide, situated at level of half buccal cavity length from the anterior end. Pharynx 0.18 times body length, swollen towards posterior end, but no definite bulb. Excretory pore about two times the buccal cavity length from the anterior. Nerve ring about 0.5 times pharynx length from anterior. A few short papillae setae over the body surface of the anterior pharyngeal region. A few longer setae on the tail. Tail 2.8 a.b.d. long, anterior half conical and posterior half cylindrical. Figure 1. Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male anterior body part, showing pharynx and excretory cell; (B) lateral view of male tail end, showing spicules, gubernaculum and circumcloacal setae; (C) lateral view of female tail; (D) lateral view of male head end, showing buccal cavity, teeth, amphid and excretory pore. Figure 2. Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. (A) lateral view of male head end, showing buccal cavity and excretory pore; (B) lateral view of male anterior end, showing amphid; (C) lateral view of male tail end, showing spicules and gubernaculum; (D) lateral view of female tail; (E) lateral view of male tail end, showing gubernaculum and apophysis; (F) lateral view of female middle body part, showing vulva, ovary and egg; (G) lateral view of male tail end, showing spicules and circumcloacal setae; (H) lateral view of male tail end, showing circumcloacal setae. Spicules slender and curved, 97 mm (2.4 a.b.d., 95 mm as chord) long, with a proximal cephalated and a distal tip pointed. Two files of seven to eight circumcloacal setae ( 3–4 mm long) on each subventral side of body. Several short setae and three terminal setae on the tail. Gubernaculum slender curving parallel to spicules and with a slender apophysis free from the spicules. Females . Body larger than the males. Body length 2825 mm ( 2817–2832 mm ). Maximum diameter 68 mm ( 63–70 mm ). Ovaries paired, opposed, reflexed. Demanian system is not observed. Vulva at 48% (47%–51%) of body length. Differential diagnosis Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. is similar to Adoncholaimus fuscus Bastian differing in the following characters. Small body, length 2650 mm vs. 4300 mm ; maximum Table 1. Individual measurements of Adoncholaimus chinensis sp. nov. (in mm).

Characters	„ 1	„ 2	„ 3	„ 4	„ 5	♀ 1	♀ 2	♀ 3	Average
Total body length	2460	2545	2637	2644	2412	2826	2817	2832	2647
Maximum body diameter	56	59	61	61	60	70	63	70	63
Head diameter	25	24	25	27	26	27	28	28	26
Length of mouth	38	40	43	41	38	45	45	48	42
Length of right subventral tooth	31	32	32	32	32	33	35	31	32
Length of dorsal tooth	24	25	26	25	25	27	28	24	26
Width of amphid	8	8.5	8	9	8	8	–	8	8
Nerve ring from the anterior end	220	200	202	212	212	210	210	220	211
Nerve ring c.d.	53	52	52	58	52	60	59	60	56
Oesophagus length	455	439	450	458	460	459	474	470	458
Oesophagus c.d.	55	57	60	60	60	68	63	65	61
Distance of excretory pore from the anterior	67	78	64	64	73	70	71	72	70
Spicule length as chord	89	93	96	100	95	–	–	–	95
Spicule length as arch	92	96	98	102	98	–	–	–	97
Length of gubernaculum	24	27	27	26	26	–	–	–	26
a.b.d.	39	41	42	39	42	51	52	55	45
Tail length	110	106	116	113	116	142	130	137	121
Tail length/a.b.d.	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.7
Vulva from anterior end	–	–	–	–	–	1314	1432	1355	1367
Vulva c.d.	–	–	–	–	–	70	63	70	68
V%	–	–	–	–	–	46.5	50.8	47.8	48
a	43.9	43.6	43.2	43.3	40.2	40.4	44.7	40.5	42.5
b	5.4	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.3	6.2	5.9	6.0	5.8
c	22.4	24.0	22.7	23.6	20.8	19.9	21.7	20.7	22

diameter 65 mm vs. 123 mm . Spicules short, 95 mm vs. 185 mm , without dorsal spines. Gubernaculum of this new species with a distinct apophysis. Remarks The genus Adoncholaimus was established by Filipjev (1918) with the type species Oncholaimus fuscus Bastian (1865) designated by Filipjev in 1918 ( Gerlach and Riemann 1974 ). This genus can be distinguished from the closest genus Viscosia by long slender spicules and a much more complex and well-developed demanian system in the female. But the demanian system of this new species is not observed. So far, 20 species have been described ( Platt and Warwick 1983 ; Gerlach and Riemann 1974 ; Electronic database: http://nemys.ugent.be) in the world. All of these species are closely related to each other and can be separated by the structure of the spicules, the presence or absence of gubernaculums and the structure of demanian system.