Three new species of Zygothrica (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the Neotropical region, Brazil Author Mendes, Mayara F. Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. ferreiramendesmayara@gmail.com Author Blauth, Monica L. Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética (DEZG), Pelotas, RS, Brasil. (urn: lsid: zoobank. org: pub: 37 B 52 B 2 E- 936 D- 4 FDB-BE 36 - C 52 E 4 F 3 D 932 D) Author Gottschalk, Marco S. Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. & Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética (DEZG), Pelotas, RS, Brasil. (urn: lsid: zoobank. org: pub: 37 B 52 B 2 E- 936 D- 4 FDB-BE 36 - C 52 E 4 F 3 D 932 D) text Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 2021 e 20210059 2021-10-25 65 3 1 10 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0059 journal article 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0059 1806-9665 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov. ( urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DABA9659-236C-4C35-8C6E-D56405244409 ) ( Figures 1-3 ; 10A ) Type-series . Holotype ♂ labeled “ Zygothrica japunibaensis sp. nov. Mendes et al. HOLOTYPE ♂ ”, “[ Brazil ], E[stado] do Rio [de Janeiro], Angra [dos Reis], Japun[í]ba, L. Trav. F; VII.[1]936; Col: L. Trav. ”. Abdominal sclerites and terminalia in vials with glycerine; wing was removed and mounted on a permanent microscope slide and all material was attached to the specimen. Type locality . Japuníba, city of Angra dos Reis , State of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . Diagnosis . Body color mainly brown; mesonotum brown with two yellow narrow stripes in the line of the dorsocentrals, extending up to 2/3 of the length of mesonotum; acrostichal setulae in 6 lines; whitish-yellow pleurae; abdomen brown pollinate, tergites III and VI lighter; arista with 5 dorsal branches, 1 ventral and 3 short inner branches, plus terminal fork; first flagellomere ochre, hairy, length about 2.5x the length of the pedicel; facial carina prominent, ochre; legs yellow, apex of tibia darker; wings with apical spot, dM-Cu infuscated, mid-radial spot reaching R 2+3 and proximal radial-medial spots. Description . ♂ Head. Brown; head width = 0.9mm , slightly wider than thorax (hypercephalic).Eyes dark red, bare.First flagellomere ochre, hairy,length about 2.5x the length of the pedicel, and about 2x the width. Aristae with 5 dorsal branches, 1 ventral and 3 short inner branches, plus the terminal fork. Orbital plates yellow. Orbital bristles dark brown. Distance between or1 and or2 about 60% of the distance between or1 and or3. Frons brown; ocellar triangle slightly darker, covering 1/3 of the length of the frons; length of the frons about 1.5x the anterior width; posterior width of the frons about 2/3 of the anterior width. Brown median frontal vitta almost reaching the ptilinal fissure; postocellar bristles convergent. Face and gena ochre. Proboscis ochre, with lighter palps. Figure 1 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp.nov. ,Holotype♂. Lateral view.Scale bar:1.0 mm. Figure 2 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp.nov. ,Holotype♂. a: head,front view; b:thorax, dorsal view;c: abdomen,dorsal view;d:epandrium,cerci,surstyli,and subepandrial sclerite, posteroventral view; e: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view. Scale bars: a, b, c: 0.5 mm; d, e: 0.1 mm. Figure 3 Zygothrica japunibaensis sp.nov. ,Holotype ♂. Male terminalia.a: epandrium, cerci,surstyli,and subepandrial sclerite,posterior view; b: phallus, phallapodeme, hypandrium, pregonites, and postgonites, ventral view; c-e: phallus and phallapodeme, dorsal, ventral, and oblique lateral views, respectively.Scale bars:0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epan, epandrium; post, postgonite; hypan, hypandrium; phapod, phallapodeme; sur, surstylus; prens, prensisetae. Thorax . Mesonotum brown, with two narrow stripes in the line of the dorsocentral, extending up to 2/3 of the length of mesonotum; 6 lines of parallel acrostichal setulae. Notopleura, supra-alar area and postalar callus yellow. Scutellum brown, marginally yellow. Basal scutellar setae converging. Pleurae yellow. Legs yellow, apex of tibia darker. Thorax length = 1.04mm . Thorax width = 0.66mm . Wings . Membrane with color pattern as follows:apical spot, dM-M infuscated, mid-radial spot reaching R 2+3 and proximal radial-medial spots. R 2+3 straight toward C, R 4+5 and M slightly convergent, both slightly curved posteriorly. Halters yellow. Indices: C = 1.80; ac = 3.87; hb = 0.70; 4c = 0.93; 4v = 1.22; 5x = 1.00; M = 0.25; prox x = 0.43. Wing length = 2.13mm . Abdomen. Light brown; tergites I, II, V and VI darker than tergites III and IV. Terminalia . Epandrium rounded not microtricose, longer than hypandrium; ventral lobes small with 4 bristles. Cerci free, microtricose, with long bristles. Hipoproctal plate (sensu Grimaldi, 1987 ) present. Ventral cercal lobes (sensu Grimaldi, 1987 ) membranous.Surstyli rounded, with 10-14 prensisetae arranged in crescent format. Subepandrial sclerite previously projected ahead. Postgonites (gonopods sensu Grimaldi, 1987 ) square-shaped, with one prominent bristle and fused to the hypandrium. Pregonites (paraphysis sensu Grimaldi, 1987 ) fused to postgonites and without obvious bristles. Hypandrium V-shaped. Phallus (basiphallus + distiphallussensu Grimaldi, 1987 ) tubular, with basiphallus narrower than distiphallus, with an indent in the apex, bare; length of the phallus about 3x the width of distiphallus; basiphallus fused to the phallapodeme (aedeagal apodeme sensu Grimaldi, 1987 ). Phallapodeme shorter than phallus. ♀ Unknown. Geographic distribution . Known only from type locality. Etymology . The species epithet refers to the type locality of Japuníba, situated in the city of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . Comments : The phallus is similar to Z.nigropleura Grimaldi 1987 , but the distiphallal scales are absent and the length of the phallapodeme is smaller in relation to the phallus in Z. japunibaensis sp. nov.