Toward the identification of Frankliniella species in Brazil (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Author Cavalleri, Adriano Author Mound, Laurence A. text Zootaxa 2012 3270 1 30 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.246160 78517493-57f6-484a-a60b-8419b1cab83a 1175-5326 246160 Key to females of Frankliniella species recorded from Brazil (excluding fusca , difficilis and minor q.v.) 1. Abdomen mainly yellow but with segments VIII–X sharply dark brown; abdominal tergites V–VII with brown markings medially ( Fig. 78 )................................................................................ bicolor -. Abdomen variable, either yellow, brown or with median tergites bicoloured, but never with segments VIII–X sharply darker than basal abdominal segments ( Figs 1–6 ).................................................................. 2 2. Head with ocellar setae pair I absent; pronotum with only 2 pairs of posteromarginal setae...................... speciosa -. Head with ocellar setae I present; prono tum with 5 (rarely 3) pairs of posteromarginal setae ( Figs 22–30 )............... 3 3. Abdomen largely brown ( Figs 13, 17–18 ).................................................................. 4 -. Abdomen largely yellow, sometimes tergite X darker or tergites with brown areas medially ( Figs 3 , 8 , 14 ).............. 29 4. Ocellar setae pair III short, scarcely 1.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus; pronotal am and aa setae usually much less than 0.5 as long as pronotal pa setae ( Figs 24, 27 )............................................................ 5 -. Ocellar setae pair III long, usually at least 2.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus; pronotal am and aa setae usually about 0.7 as long as pa setae ( Figs 36–38 )...................................................................... 11 5. Mid and hind tibiae uniformly dark brown ( Fig. 10 ).......................................................... 6 -. Mid and hind tibiae with pale areas, never uniformly dark brown ( Fig. 12 )........................................ 7 6. Pronotal posteromarginal setae pair IV almost as long as pair II (Fig. 57); metanotal campaniform sensilla absent; ocellar setae pair III just outside ocellar triangle (Fig. 48)........................................................... minuta -. Pronotal posteromarginal setae pair IV no longer than pairs III and V ( Fig. 39 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla present; ocellar setae III between anterior margins of posterior ocelli............................................... serrata 7. Tergite X 1.4–1.7 times as long as IX ( Fig. 102 )........................................................ oxyura -. Tergites IX and X subequal in length, or X shorter than IX ( Fig. 100 )............................................. 8 8. Postocular setal pairs I and III both missing; ocellar setae pair III arise between posterior ocelli ( Fig. 35 ); thorax paler than abdomen..................................................................................... nakaharai -. Postocular setae pairs I and III usually both present ( Fig. 27 ); ocellar setae pair III arise anterior to tangent between anterior margins of posterior ocelli; thorax not paler than abdomen..................................................... 9 9. Metanotum with equiangular reticulation medially, campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 69 )........................ konoi -. Metanotum with narrow linear reticulation medially, campaniform sensilla present (Fig. 62)......................... 10 10. Pronotal am setae scarcely longer than discal setae; fore wings shaded......................................... curta -. Pronotal am setae almost twice as long as discal setae; fore wings pale ( Fig. 159 )........................... fuscicornis 11. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with no comb or with only few short teeth laterally ( Figs 93 , 104 )............. 12 -. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with microtrichial comb, sometimes with 2 or 3 teeth missing medially ( Figs 87–92 )................................................................................................... 13 12. Ocellar setae III arising on anterior margins of ocellar triangle (Fig. 45); hind tibiae almost clear yellow, contrasting with the dark brown hind femora ( Fig. 113 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla present (Fig. 64).................... fulvipes [in part] -. Ocellar setae pair III arising between posterior ocelli (Fig. 51); hind tibiae not sharply paler than femora; metanotal campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 74 )........................................................ schultzei [in part] 13. Compound eyes with 3 or 4 anterolateral facets much larger than surrounding facets (Fig. 46)........................ 14 -. Compound eyes with all facets subequal in diameter, although some ventral ommatidia may be enlarged (Figs 50–54)..... 15 14. Fore wings uniformly brown; enlarged facets about 2.0 times longer than normal ones (Fig. 46); pm setae pair II more than 3.0 times as long as pair I ( Fig. 30 )................................................................... fulvipennis -. Fore wings largely brown but basal third sharply paler; enlarged facets about 3.0 times longer than normal ones; pm setae pair II scarcely longer than pair I..................................................................... longipennis 15. Antennal segment III pedicel elongate, twice as long as sub-basal ring ( Figs 138 ).............................. parvula -. Antennal segment III pedicel short, less than 1.5 times the diameter of sub-basal ring ( Figs 128 , 150 ).................. 16 16. Antennal segment III with cup-shaped pedicel ( Fig. 148 ).............................................. brevicaulis -. Antennal segment III pedicel different.................................................................... 17 17. Hind tibiae mainly yellow but with brown area medially and postocular setae pair I absent............... fulvipes [in part] -. Hind tibiae usually extensively brown, or sharply bicoloured with basal third sharply yellow ( Figs 112, 114–115 ); if hind tibiae largelly yellow then postocular setae pair I present (Fig. 44)................................................... 18 18. Postocular setae pairs I and III absent ( Fig. 38 ); frequently apterous; male with strongly curved pore plates on sternites III–VIII.............................................................................................. platensis -. Postocular setae pair III present, pair I usually present ( Fig. 23 ); male pore plates different ( Figs 83–86 )................ 19 19. Abdominal sternite III with pair of small pore plates near antecostal ridge (occasionally one pore plate missing) ( Fig. 77 ) antennal segment VIII unusually long, about 4 times as long as wide ( Fig. 117 )............................... australis -. Abdominal sternite III with no pore plates; antennal segment VIII less elongate ( Fig. 118 ).......................... 20 20. Fore wings almost uniform in colour, either dark or pale ( Figs 161–164 )......................................... 21 -. Fore wings extensively brown but sharply pale basal to the veinal fork ( Figs 155–156 ).............................. 25 21. Forewing almost uniformly pale or weakly shaded ( Fig. 163 )................................... occidentalis [in part] -. Forewing almost uniformly brown ( Fig. 164 )............................................................... 22 22. Pedicel of antennal segment III simple, without a distinct swelling but occasionally slightly dilated near apex ( Figs 143–145 ).................................................................................................... 23 -. Pedicel of antennal segment III with a distinct swelling ( Figs 149–152 ).......................................... 24 23. Metanotum distinctly reticulate anteromedially ( Fig. 75 ); antennal segment III distinctively paler than IV ( Fig. 143 ); abdominal tergite IX setae S1 less than 0.7 as long as setae S2............................................. simplex -. Metanotal sculpture weak or absent medially (Fig. 61); antennal segment III concolorous with IV ( Fig. 120 ); abdominal tergite IX setae S1 sub-equal in length to setae S2........................................................... brunnea 24. Antennal segment III pedicel with a sharp ring-like swelling ( Fig. 149 ); pronotal posteromarginal setae pair II more than 0.5 as long as posteroangular setae (Fig. 55)............................................................... caseariae -. Swollen pedicel not sharply ring-like ( Fig. 139 ); pronotal posteromarginal setae pair II about 0.4 as long as posteroangular setae ( Fig. 37 )................................................................................. peruviana 25. Hind tibiae sharply bicoloured, brown with basal third sharply yellow ( Fig. 112 )................................... 26 -. Hind tibiae almost uniformly brown, scarcely paler at apex ( Fig. 114 )........................................... 27 26. Mid-tibiae brown with base briefly yellow ( Fig. 110 ).................................................. annulipes -. Mid-tibiae almost clear yellow, sometimes with brown markings medially ( Fig. 111 )........................... varipes 27. Postocular setae pair IV small, no longer than the diameter of a posterior ocellus ( Fig. 33 ); metanotal campaniform sensilla absent ( Fig. 67 ).............................................................................. hemerocallis -. Postocular setae pair IV prominent, at least 1.5 times as long as diameter of an ocellus (Fig. 52); metanotal campaniform sensilla present ( Fig. 68 )............................................................................... 28 28. Abdominal tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb complete, all microtrichia equally long and slender; fore tibiae concolorous with fore femora; postocular setae pair I absent and pair IV as long as width of a compound eye; pronotal am setae 1.3 times as long as distance between compound eyes (Fig. 52)...................................................... setipes -. Abdominal tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb often with 2 or 3 teeth missing medially, microtrichia irregular in form with broad bases ( Fig. 98 ); fore tibiae sharply paler than fore femora ( Fig. 34 ); postocular setae pair I present and pair IV shorter than width of a compound eye; pronotal am setae scarcely 1.0 times as long as distance between compound eyes.... insularis 29. Apterous or micropterous; abdominal tergites with 4 pairs of long and equidistant setae in addition to the posteroangular pair ( Fig. 82 )................................................................................... trinidadensis -. Macropterous; median pairs of tergal setae much shorter than lateral pairs........................................ 30 30. Pedicel of antennal segment III with distinct swelling or disc ( Fig. 154 ).......................................... 31 -. Pedicel of antennal segment III without a swelling.......................................................... 34 31. Tergite VIII with comb present only laterally............................................................ tritici -. Tergite VIII with complete comb of long microtrichia ( Fig. 94 )................................................ 32 32. Abdomen mainly yellow but with segments X and posterior margin of IX dark brown; antennal segment II mostly dark brown ( Fig. 122 )........................................................................................ condei -. Abdomen uniformly yellow ( Fig. 80 ); antennal segment II paler................................................ 33 33. Antennal segment III pedicel with ring about 2.0 times as wide as basal stem; pedicel immediately above this ring smoothly concave ( Fig. 152 )............................................................................ musaeperda -. Antennal segment III pedicel with ring scarcely 1.5 times as wide as basal stem; pedicel immediately above this ring irregularly concave with minute tubercle ( Fig. 151 ).................................................... gardeniae 34. Pronotal aa (and usually am) setae scarcely longer than discal setae ( Figs 24 , 31 ).................................. 35 -. Pronotal aa and am setae clearly distinct from discal setae, at least 0.3 as long as pa setae............................ 37 35. Abdomen largely yellow but tergite X brown in apical 2/3 ( Fig. 96 ); ocellar setae III more than 2.5 times as long as width of an ocellus; metanotal campaniform sensilla absent................................................... graminis sp.n. -. Abdomen colour different, tergites usually uniformly yellow or with brown markings medially; ocellar setae III length less than 1.5 times width of an ocellus; metanotal campaniform sensilla present....................................... 36 36. Antennal segment VI pedicellate ( Fig. 124 ); pronotal inner pa setae distinctively shorter than outer pair........... desantisi -. Antennal segment VI not pedicellate, base rounded; pronotal inner pa setae longer than outer pair................. bertelsi 37. Ocellar setae pair III arising between posterior ocelli (Fig. 51); tergite VIII with no posteromarginal comb of microtrichia, sometimes with few scarcely developed teeth laterally ( Fig. 104 );.................................. schultzei [in part] -. Ocellar setae III usually further forward (Fig. 54); tergite VIII with posteromarginal comb well-developed, at least laterally ( Fig. 95 )............................................................................................ 38 38. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VIII with only few weak lobes medially but with some lateral microtrichia; campaniform sensilla on metanotum absent; postocular setae pair I usually absent; head distinctly prolonged in front of eyes...... bondari -. Posteromarginal comb on tergite VIII fully developed; if postocular setae pair I absent then metanotal campaniform sensilla present; head sometimes weakly prolonged in front of eyes................................................... 39 39. Ocellar setae III about 1.5 times as long as width of an ocellus; pronotal am setae scarcely 0.5 times as long as aa setae................................................................................................. distinguenda -. Ocellar setae III more than 2.0 times as long as width of an ocellus; pronotal am setae longer, usually more than 0.7 times as long as aa setae...................................................................................... 40 40. Abdominal sternite II with 1 or 2 discal setae ( Fig. 86 )....................................................... 41 -. Abdominal sternite II with no discal setae................................................................. 42 41. Abdominal tergite IX setae S1 more than 110 microns long; S2 more than 130 microns long; usually associated with grasses.............................................................................................. williamsi -. Abdominal tergite IX S1 and S2 setae shorter, usually less than 100 microns long; associated with various dicotyledonous flowers...................................................................................... gossypiana 42. Abdominal tergites usually with brown area medially ( Fig. 14 ); tergite VIII posteromarginal comb with microtrichia irregular, arising from triangular bases ( Fig. 101 ); po setae pair IV longer than distance between hind ocelli ( Fig. 36 )................................................................................................... occidentalis [in part] -. Abdominal tergites clear yellow; tergite VIII posteromarginal comb with slender microtrichia of uniform length ( Fig. 95 ); po setae pair IV shorter than distance between hind ocelli ( Fig. 32 )................................................ 43 43. Antennal segment VIII about 3.0 times as long as wide ( Fig. 126 ); head slightly prolonged in front of eyes ( Fig. 29 ); associated with grasses.................................................................................... frumenti -. Antennal segment VIII not more than 2.5 times as long as wide; head not prolonged in front of eyes; associated with dicotyledonous plants................................................................................. 44 44. Postocular setae pair I present ( Fig. 32 )............................................................... gemina -. Postocular setae pair I absent (Fig. 54)............................................................... zucchini