Systematics of Neotropical microteiid lizards (Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae), with the description of a new genus and species from the Andean montane forests Author Moravec, Jiri Author Smid, Jiri Author Stundl, Jan Author Lehr, Edgar text ZooKeys 2018 774 105 139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.774.25332 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.774.25332 1313-2970-774-105 5B18F3BC43BD4C9FB1FDDF9EE6AEE3A9 5B18F3BC43BD4C9FB1FDDF9EE6AEE3A9 Genus Selvasaura gen. n. Unnamed clade 3 (in Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ) Type species. Selvasaura brava sp. n. Diagnosis. Phenotypic synapomorphies are not known for this genus. Morphologically, Selvasaura gen. n. can be distinguished from all other genera of Cercosaurinae by the combination of the following characters: lower palpebral disc transparent, not divided (divided in Andinosaura , Euspondylus , Gelanesaurus , Oreosaurus , Petracola , Riama , and most Anadia and Placosoma species; opaque in Pholidobolus ); dorsal scales slightly rugose (smooth in Anadia ; keeled in Cercosaura ; strongly keeled and tuberculate in Echinosaura , Gelanesaurus , Neusticurus , Potamites ; minute tubercles on posterior dorsal scales in Placosoma ); lateral scales distinctly smaller than dorsal scales (lateral scales not distinctly reduced in size in Macropholidus ); lateral scales adjacent to ventrals non-granular (granular in Proctoporus ) (see e.g., Oftedal 1974 ; Cadle and Chuna 1995 ; Altamirano-Benavides et al. 2013 ; Kok et al. 2013 ; Torres-Carvajal and Mafla-Endara 2013 ; Echevarria et al. 2015 ; Borges-Nojosa et al. 2016 ; Chavez et al. 2017 ; Sanchez-Pacheco et al. 2017b ). Genetically, the genus is differentiated from the other cercosaurines by distances given in Table 3 and 4. Table 3. Mean uncorrected genetic distances (p-distances, in %) between cercosaurine genera or their monophyletic clades if the genus' monophyly was not supported. Below diagonal are values based on the 12S alignment, above on the 16S. Values for Selvasaura gen. n. are in bold.
Anadia Andinosaura Cercosaura Echinosaura " Echinosaura " sulcarostrum Euspondylus Gelanesaurus Macropholidus Neusticurus Oreosaurus " Oreosaurus " serranus Petracola Pholidobolus Placosoma Potamites Proctoporus bolivianus group Proctoporus guentheri group Proctoporus lacertus group Proctoporus pachyurus group Proctoporus xestus Riama Selvasaura gen. n. Unnamedclade 2 Unnamedclade 4
Anadia 6.19
Andinosaura 8.61
Cercosaura 5.66
Echinosaura 9.29
Echinosaura sulcarostrum 6.84
Euspondylus 5.12
Gelanesaurus 6.82
Macropholidus 6.27
Neusticurus 9.95
Oreosaurus 5.58
Oreosaurus serranus 5.79
Petracola 6.27
Pholidobolus 5.81
Placosoma 11.81
Potamites 4.82
Proctoporus bolivianus 4.33
P. guentheri 4.75
P. lacertus 3.75
P. pachyurus 3.7
P. xestus 4.34
Riama 8.55
Selvasaura gen. n. 7.88 9.86 7.37 11.86 8.46 7.04 11.92 7.01 12.42 7.13 8.83 5.75 7.58 15.78 5.37 5.23 4.75 4.21 3.8 5.35 8.22 4.35 3.89
4.81
5.82
Table 4. Mean uncorrected genetic distances (p-distances, in %) between cercosaurine genera or their monophyletic clades if the genus' monophyly was not supported. Below diagonal are values based on the ND4 alignment, above on the cmos. Values for Selvasaura gen. n. are in bold. Note that compared to Table 3 some clades are missing here because they did not have the ND4 and cmos sequences available (" Echinosaura " sulcarostrum , Unnamed clade 4).
Anadia Andinosaura Cercosaura Echinosaura Euspondylus Gelanesaurus Macropholidus Neusticurus Oreosaurus Oreosaurus " serranus Petracola Pholidobolus Placosoma Potamites Proctoporus bolivianus group Proctoporus guentheri group Proctoporus lacertus group Proctoporus pachyurus group Proctoporus xestus Riama Selvasaura gen. n. Unnamedclade 2
Anadia 3.15
Andinosaura 4.91
Cercosaura 3.43
Echinosaura 4.34
Euspondylus 2.99
Gelanesaurus 4.54
Macropholidus 2.62
Neusticurus 4.04
Oreosaurus 3.5
Oreosaurus serranus 3.58
Petracola 3.01
Pholidobolus 2.68
Placosoma 7.33
Potamites 0.77
Proctoporus bolivianus 1.54
Proctoporus guentheri 1.99
Proctoporus lacertus 1.63
Proctoporus pachyurus 0.89
Proctoporus xestus 1.23
Riama 3.69
Selvasaura gen. n. 20.7 22.4 19.8 24.4 19.6 23 21.3 23.6 21.4 19.7 20.1 19.8 24.7 19.5 18.7 17.5 18.4 17.3 19.5 23.7 2.27
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Definition. (1) head shields smooth; (2) frontoparietal and parietal shields paired; (3) frontonasal, frontal and interparietal shields single; (4) prefrontal shields present; (5) lower palpebral disc transparent, not divided; (6) loreal shield present; (7) scale organs on labials present; (8) anteriormost supraocular and anteriormost superciliary shields fused; (9) dorsal surface of the tongue covered by scale-like papillae; (10) nuchal scales smooth; (11) dorsal scales rectangular, slightly rugose; (12) ventral scales squared to rectangular, smooth; (13) limbs pentadactyl, digits clawed; (14) femoral pores present in males, absent in females; (15) hemipenial lobes large, distinct from the hemipenial body. Content. Selvasaura brava sp. n. and undescribed species of Unnamed clade 3 (sensu Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ) whose formal descriptions are underway (see Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ). Distribution. Peru: Region Junin , Provincia de Chanchamayo, Pui Pui Protected Forest ( Selvasaura brava sp. n.); Region San Martin, Provincia Mariscal Caceres , Laurel ( Cercosaurinae sp. 3; Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ). Ecuador: Provincia de Zamora Chinchipe, El Pangui ( Cercosaurinae sp. 3; Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ); Provincia de Napo, Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary ( Cercosaurinae sp. 3; Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016 ). Etymology. The generic name Selvasaura is derived from the Spanish noun 'selva' (forest) and the Greek noun σαύρα (lizard; saura is the feminine form) and refers to the habitat (montane rainforest) of the type species.