Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the species of Zethus mexicanus group (Linnaeus, 1758) sensu Bohart & Stange, 1965 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)
Author
Golfetti, Ivan F.
Author
Lopes, Rogério B.
Author
Noll, Fernando B.
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-02-26
4743
3
337
358
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.4743.3.2
d550dc04-c72b-4e27-8348-5c6ae98ba144
1175-5326
3688233
9AA51090-EE14-48EB-9169-E08CEBFCAE8A
Zethus mexicanus
(
Linnaeus, 1758
)
Apis surinamensis
Linnaeus, 1758: 575–579
.
Suriname
(?Stocolm); 1767: 953 (renamed
Apis mexicana
).
Olivier, 1789: 66
(
Suriname
;
French Guiana
: Cayenne).
Type:
Holotype
:
Suriname
:
male, UK (Museu Nacional Railway).
Apis mexicana
Linnaeus, 1767: 953
(new name
A. surinamensis
Linnaeus, 1758
).
Muller, 1775: 892
.
Olivier, 1789: 79
.
Gmelin, 1790: 2772
.
Christ, 1791: 199
.
Vespa recurvirostris
DeGeer, 1773: 579
. “
Brazil
” (
Lectotype
male in Stocolm).
Retzius, 1783: 63
.
de Saussure,1855: 116
(syn. of
Z. mexicanus
; genus
Zethus
).
Type:
Lectotype
:
Brazil
:
male,
Stocolm
(
Swedish Museum of Natural History
).
Vespa mexicana
;
Olivier, 1792: 673
(
French Guiana
: Caiena).
Tigny, 1802: 66
(
Suriname
;
French Guiana
: Caiena); 1828: 280 (
Suriname
;
French Guiana
: Caiena).
Vespa cyanipennis
Fabricius, 1793: 277
. (
Guyane
Franceise—“Cayenne”) (
Lectotype
female in Kobenhavn).
Coquebert, 1799: 2
. Jurine, 1807: 170.
Type:
Lectotype
:
French Guiana
:
Caiena
, female,
Denmark
(
Museum Zoologist Universidad of Copenhague
).
Eumenes cyanipennis
Latreille, 1802: 361
; 1805: 345.
Polistes cyanipennis
Fabricius, 1804: 275
(
French Guiana
:Caiena).
Latreille, 1809: 138
(syn. de
Eumenes
(
Zethus
)
coeruleopennis
).
Lepeletier, 1825: 172
.
Zethus cyanipennis
Klug, 1807: 52
.
Lamarck, 1817: 84
;
1835: 301
(
French Guiana
: Caiena).
de Saussure, 1855: 116
(syn.
Z. mexicanus
(Linnaeus)
genus
Zethus
); 1852: 12 (female, male,
French Guiana
: Caiena); 1858: 63.
Desmarest, 1859: 143
.
de Saussure, 1875: 17
(syn. de
Z. recurvirostris
(DeGeer)
genus
Zethus
).
Bohart & Stange, 1962: 30
(
Lectotype
); 1965: 133 (syn.
mexicanus
mexicanus
(Linnnaeus))
.
Zethus lugubris
Perty, 1833: 144
, female (
Brazil
, “Provincia Piauhiensi”), (München).
de Saussure, 1852: 11
, female (
Brazil
).
Smith, 1857: 10
(catalogue).
de Saussure, 1875: 17
(syn. de
Z. recurvirostris
(DeGeer)
genus
Zethus
).
new. syn.
Type:
Holotype
:
Brazil
:
Brasília
, female,
France
(
MNHN
).
Examined
.
Zethus mexicanus
de Saussure, 1855: 116
(syns.:
Z. cyanipennis
(Fabricius)
and
Vespa recurvirostris
DeGeer
).
Smith, 1857: 11
(catalogue).
Dalla Torre, 1894: 12
(catalogue); 1904: 16 (catalogue).
Ducke, 1905: 171
.
Schulz, 1905: 106
.
Brèthes, 1906: 6
(
Paraguay
:
Assunção
).
Ducke, 1910: 119
(
Brazil
;
Paraguay
).
Zavattari, 1911: 44
(
Paraguay
: 3 localities); 1912: 10 (key), 16 (synonymic).
Cameron, 1912: 224
(
Guyana
).
Ducke, 1914: 320
, 326 (nest).
Bertoni, 1918: 205
(
Paraguay
). van der
Vecht, 1959: 211
(note in the name Linnaeus).
Zethus cyanipennis
var.
lugubris
de Saussure, 1858: 63
.
Zethus recurvirostris
de Saussure, 1875: 17
(genus
Zethus
; syn.:
Vespa mexicana
Linnaeus
,
cyanipennis
Fabricius
;
Brazil
).
Fox, 1899: 407
(
Brazil
: Chapada).
Bohart & Stange, 1965: 133
(
Lectotype
; syn.
Z. mexicanus
(Linnaeus))
.
Zethus mexicanus
var.
lugubris
Dalla Torre, 1894: 12
(cataloghe).
Brèthes, 1903: 250
.
Dalla Torre, 1904: 16
(catalogue).
Bertoni, 1918: 205
(
Paraguay
).
Bodkin, 1918: 312
(
Guiana
).
Zethus mexicanus lugubris
Zavattari, 1912: 19
(genus
Zethus
;
Brazil
).
Bohart and Stange, 1965: 128
(key), (subgenus
Zethusculus
; syn.:
Z. mexicanus rufus
Zavattari
;
Brazil
;
Peru
;
Bolivia
;
Paraguay
).
Stange, 1975: 80
, 89, 92 (key).
n. syn.
Zethus mexicanus rufus
Zavattari, 1912: 19
, female (genus
Zethus
) (“Brazilien: Salto Grande”) (
Berlin
).
Bohart and Stange, 1965: 132
(synonymic
Z. mexicanus lugubris
Perty
subgenus
Zethusculus
).
Zethus mexicanus mexicanus
Zavattari, 1912: 19
(genus
Zethus
:
México
;
Brazil
;
Suriname
;
French Guiana
;
Colombia
;
Paraguay
).
Zethus surinamensis
Bertoni, 1921: 11
(propose of change the name
mexicanus
to
surinamensis
).
Zethus mexicanus mexicanus
Bohart & Stange, 1965: 13
, 16, 128 (key), (male; subgenus
Zethusculus
; synonymic;
Colombia
;
Venezuela
;
Peru
;
Trinidad
;
Guiana
;
Suriname
;
French Guiana
; norte do
Brazil
).
Stange, 1997: 319
(
Venezuela
).
stat. rev.
Zethus mexicanus erythrogena
Bohart & Stange, 1965: 128
(key), (male, female, subgenus
Zethusculus
) (“
Brazil
: Diamantina,
Minas Gerais
”) (
Holotype
male); and another localities in
Brazil
.
n. syn.
Type:
Holotype
:
Brazil
:
Diamantina
,
Minas Gerais
, male, USA (Cornell University).
Paratype
:
Brazil
:
Minas Gerais
:
Pirapara
,
♀
,
Brazil
(
MZUSP
).
Examined
.
Material additional examined:
21♂
,
33♀
. (Appendix I).
Diagnosis.
Large individuals. Only member of the group with angled tegula (
Fig. 5A
).
Redescription.
Male:As described for
Z. brasiliensis
except:
Coloration:
black head except: apex of clypeus reddish; mesopleura, metapleura, metanotum, propodeum, petiole ventrally and legs red-orange.
Structure:
Tegula with posterior margin angled; the anterior surface of the mesepisternum micro-striate; S5 and S6 with robust ligulate processes.
Sculpture:
Strio-punctuation above the carina interantennal less evident.
Chaeototaxy:
Yellowish; T3 to T7, hairiness is not so visible.
Female:As described for the male except:
Coloration:
Clypeus all black; antennae without yellowish areas.
Structure:
Clypeus without concavity and apical teeth; mandible tetradentated with the third tooth molariform; anterior face of the mesepisternum without micro-stries.
Sculpture:
Absence of transverse interantennal carina and frontal strio-punctuation.
Variations: Some specimens, both males as females, feature a variation about the coloring in the following parts: clypeus almost completely reddish in males and at least two-thirds in females; mandibles and gena reddish; petiole may be from completely dark until completely red. This gradient of coloration was used for differentiation of the subspecies
Z. m.
mexicanus
,
Z. m. erythrogena
and
Z. m.
lugubris
.