“ Symmetrical ” hermit crabs of the family Pylochelidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) collected by the “ BIOPAPUA ” and “ PAPUA NIUGINI ” expeditions in the Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of two new species Author Komai, Tomoyuki Author Chan, Tin-Yam text Zootaxa 2016 4088 3 301 328 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.1 c09a5f42-c1ac-4b6c-a98d-d836a56711db 1175-5326 267464 D055AB86-A0A2-4E30-8671-4B0990C478FB Family Pylochelidae Spence Bate, 1888 Remarks . The subfamily and family level classification of the Pylochelidae has been subject to debate. In his monumental revision of the family, Forest (1987a) recognized six subfamilies within the Pylochelidae , viz., Pylochelinae , Pomatochelinae , Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae, Trizochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. On the basis of phylogenetic relationship inferred from morphological data (Lemaitre et al . 2009), McLaughlin & Lemaitre (2009) proposed a new classification of the Pylochelidae , recognizing three subfamilies ( Pylochelinae , Pomatochelinae and Trizochelinae ) with Parapylochelinae and Cancellochellinae relegated to tribes under Trizochelinae (viz., Trizochelini , Cancellochelini and Parapylochelini ). Subsequently, molecular phylogenetic analysis using five nuclear protein-coding genes by Tsang et al . (2011) indicated that Pylochelidae is polyphyletic, consisting of two, major, distantly related clades ( Pylocheles + Xylocheles is the sister group of Galatheidae s.l. + Porcellanidae ; Trizocheles is the sister group of Parapaguridae + Lomisidae + Aeglidae + Kiwaidae + Chirostylidae ), though no formal change in classification was proposed. On the other hand, the Bayesian analysis from the combined molecular + morphological dataset performed by Bracken-Grissom et al . (2013) recovered the monophyletic Pylochelidae . Recently Fraaije et al . (2012) proposed a new family Parapylochelidae to accommodate Parapylocheles and their new fossil genus Mesoparapylocheles Fraaije, Klompmaker & Artal, 2012 . In this present study, we follow McLaughlin & Lemaitre’s (2009) classification, because it is based on extensive morphological analysis covering all species known at the time. Fraaije et al . (2012) emphasized the uniqueness of the Parapylochelidae , but unique characters do not contribute to finding the sister group to Parapylocheles . In addition, the erection of the new family under their own authorship (Fraaje et al . 2012; also see Fraaje 2014) is not justified according to the Article 36 of ICZN (1999). The authorship of Parapylochelidae should be attributed to Forest (1987a) who formally proposed a subfamily rank (i.e., Parapylochelinae) for this group. In fact, Fraaje et al . (2014) corrected back the authorship of the Parapylochelidae to Forest (1987a), though they did comment on the change.