Unveiling Utricularia amethystina’s true colours: a taxonomic revision of one of the largest species complexes (U. sect. Foliosa, Lentibulariaceae) Author Baleeiro, Paulo C. 0000-0002-0484-3166 Department of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4076, Australia. & National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & uqpbalee @ uq. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0484 - 3166 uqpbalee@uq.edu.au Author Gonella, Paulo M. 0000-0001-8332-5326 Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Campus Sete Lagoas, Rodovia MG- 424, km 47, 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. & pmgonella @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8332 - 5326 pmgonella@gmail.com Author Sano, Paulo T. 0000-0002-1709-1215 Department of Botany - Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo. Rua do Matão, 277, 05508 - 090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & ptsano @ usp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1709 - 1215 ptsano@usp.br Author Jobson, Richard W. 0000-0002-1822-9634 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. & richard. Jobson @ botanicgardens. nsw. gov. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1822 - 9634 obson@botanicgardens.nsw.gov.au text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-12-15 576 1 29 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.2 e182c4cc-2536-4f6c-bdb0-be4704e50e4d 1179-3163 7440860 7. Utricularia lindmanii Sylvén (1909: 26) — Fig. 3G Type: — BRAZIL . Mato Grosso : Tangará da Serra , Serra do Itapirapuan , 29 Apr. 1894 , Lindman A2935 ( holotype : S image!) . Illustrations: —(Sylvén, 1909), fig. 1–3 taf.2. Description :—Terrestrial. Small to medium sized annual herb . Rhizoids numerous, c. seven simple ramifications. Stolons few. Leaves 1–7(–10) from peduncle base, filiform, up to 20 mm long, 1 mm wide, traps on rhizoids or stolons, stalked basal entrance, 2 mm long. Inflorescence simple or loosely branched, 60–180 mm long, peduncle glabrous 0.7 mm thick, scales basifix, glabrous, deltoid or elliptic 0.6 mm long, bract and bracteoles unequal, connate at the middle, glabrous, three nerves, bract broadly ovate, apex obtuse 1 mm long., bracteoles ovate 0.8 mm long. Flowers 1–3, pedicel erect, filiform (–5) 8–20 mm long, calyx lobes subequal, chartaceous, concave, glabrous, with inconspicuous simple nerves, upper lobe ovate, apex rounded, entire margin hyaline 1.9–3.3 × 1.4–2.1 mm wide, lower lobe broadly elliptic, entire margin not hyaline, apex rounded, 1.6–3.2 × 1.6–2.5 mm wide, corolla lilac with a yellow spot bordered by white margin at base of lower lip, upper lip with few sessile glands, oblong or oblong-ovate, rounded apex 2–4.5 × 2.6–4.0 mm wide, lower lip transversally elliptic, base forming bilobed swelling, apex 3-lobed, 2.4–5.3 × 4.6–8.9 mm wide, spur conical from a larger base, apex obtuse, longer than the lower lip 3.4–6.7 mm long, filaments slightly curved, anther thecae shorter than the filaments, ovary globose, style very short, stigma lower lip semicircular with glandular trichomes, upper lip absent. Capsule globose, 2 mm long., calyx lobes covering stigma lips. Seeds obliquely ovoid c. 0.30 mm long. Distribution and ecology: —Found mostly in the east and southeast of the state of Tocantins , Brazil ( Fig.1 A ). However, the type specimen was collected in the state of Mato Grosso at a location that has since been cleared of native vegetation and converted to farmland. Grows in moist clay substrate within grassland with other species of Utricularia and Genlisea . Flowers from June to August. Further fieldwork may uncover populations at under-explored locations such as Jalap„o, west Tocantins and Goiás , and Northeast of Mato Grosso . Etymology :—The epithet honours Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856–1928), a Swedish naturalist who travelled to Brazil from 1892–1894. Conservation status: — Vulnerable— VU B1 ab(iii) + B2 ab(iii). Utricularia lindmanii presents restricted range ( EOO = 5,988 km 2 , AOO = 28 km 2 ) and occurs in a region severely affected by habitat destruction and interference with conversion of land use for agricultural purposes. The species is likely extinct at the type location and the new records from Tocantins fall outside the Jalap „o State Park . Notes: —The holotype specimen is from a savannah habitat in central Mato Grosso . The attempt to sample from the type population failed, as large portions of the natural land have been lost to agriculture, cattle stations and due to the constant urban expansion in the past decades. Therefore, the populations from Tocantins are here denominated U. lindmanii ( Fig. 3G ) and not a new taxa after examining the illustration introduced by the original publication (protologue) for U. lindmanii and type material. Morphologically, U. lindmanii resembles U. amethystina s.str. , but distinguishes by linear vs . spathulate/rotund leaves, upper and lower corolla lobes about the same length vs . lower corolla lobe larger than upper. Besides, molecular data ( Baleeiro et al. 2019 ) shows no affinities with U. amethystina s.str. , and rather being in a clade sister to U. chapadensis . Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL . TOCANTINS : Ponte Alta, estrada sentido Rio da Conceiç „o-Ponte Alta, lado direito da estrada quase chegando em Ponte Alta, 5 Ago. 2012 , Baleeiro et al. 222 ( SPF ) . Rio da Conceiç „o, TO-476, estrada Dianópolis—Rio da Conceiç„o, a 45 km do trevo, entrada para estrada de terra ca. de 6km , Cachoeira Cavalo Queimado, 7 Jun. 2009 , Baleeiro et al. 63 ( R ) . Taguatinga, beira da rodovia, sentido Alto Paraíso de Goiás , 7 Ago. 2012 , Baleeiro et al. 227 ( SPF ) .