New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Synergus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic Author Schwéger, Szabina Author Melika, George Author Tang, Chang-Ti Author Bihari, Péter Author Bozsó, Miklós Author Stone, Graham N. Author Nicholls, James A. Author Pénzes, Zsolt text Zootaxa 2015 3999 4 451 497 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.4.1 905493d1-340c-418b-aa4c-52605b790870 1175-5326 243681 CB6127D2-DF5B-4F86-A3D9-6A2F9DBD021C Key to the Eastern Palaearctic Synergus species 1 Radial cell of fore wing closed ( Fig. 14 ).................................................................... 3 - Radial cell of fore wing partially or entirely open (Fig. 88)..................................................... 2 2 Radial cell of fore wing entirely open, R1 and Rs do not reach wing margin.............................. S. castaneus - Radial cell partially open, R1partially running along wing margin........................... S. kawakamii , new species 3 Posterior band of micropunctures on syntergite extending to ventral edge ( Figs 15 , 42, 105–106)..................... 4 - Small posterodorsal patch of micropunctures on syntergite never extending laterally ( Figs 29 , 57 , 73–74 , 121 –122)..... 10 4 Lateral frontal carina indistinct, visible only near torulus; female F1 curved medially and expanded apically; male F1 strongly expanded apically and basally, 3.0 times as long as pedicel......................................... S. deqingensis - Lateral frontal carina present, distinct ( Figs 1–2 , 16–17 , 91–92 , 107–108 ); female F1 not curved medially and not expanded apically ( Figs 7 , 22 , 97 ); male F1 expanded only apically, if expanded basally than wider apically than basally ( Figs 8 , 23 , 98 ).................................................................................................... 5 5 Syntergite without anterolateral row of setae; female lower face yellow, female F2 slightly incised medially..... S. jezoensis - Syntergite with anterolateral row of setae, female lower face black, dark brown or reddish brown, female F2 not incised medially ( Figs 7 , 22 , 97 )................................................................................... 6 6 Female F1 3.0–3.3 times as long as pedicel, 1.25 times as long as F2 ( Figs 7 , 35 , 97 ); male F1 expanded only apically, if expanded basally than broader apically than basally ( Figs 8 , 36 , 98 )............................................. 7 - Female F1 about 2.0 times as long as pedicel, subequal with F2; male F1 expanded apically and basally and as broad apically as basally............................................................................................ 9 7 Posterior band of micropunctures on syntergite broad, dorsally extending to 1/3 of its length (Figs 42, 105–106); male F1 expanded only apically ( Figs 36 , 98 )..................................................................... 8 - Posterior band of micropunctures on syntergite narrow, dorsally extending to 1/5–1/7 of its length ( Fig. 15 ); male F1 expanded apically and basally ( Fig. 8 ).............................................................. S. abei , new species 8 Female head quadrangular in frontal view ( Fig. 91 ); frontal carinae uniformly strong, reaching lateral ocellus ( Figs 91–92 ), male F1 strongly expanded apically ( Fig. 98 ).............................................. S. khazani , new species - Female head rounded in frontal view ( Fig. 30 ); frontal carinae weak, not reaching lateral ocellus ( Figs 30–31 ); male F1 weakly expanded apically ( Fig. 36 )........................................................ S. changtitangi , new species 9 Head ovate in frontal view; lower face with strong median carina raised above striae; pedicel in female longer than broad; median mesoscutal impression short, reaching to mid length of mesoscutum and sometimes abruptly broadened posteriorly; scutelar foveae rugose; female syntergite slightly incised dorsoapically.................................. S. gifuensis - Head triangular in frontal view; lower face with weak median carina not raised above striae; female pedicel as long as broad; median mesoscutal impression long; scutellar foveae alutaceous; female syntergite strongly incised dorsoapically..................................................................................................... S. japonicus 10 Lower face, frons and genae partially or entirely black or very dark brown ( Figs 16–21 , 58–65 ); mesosoma black or dark brown ( Figs 24–28 , 68–72 )............................................................................. 11 - Lower face, frons and genae partially or entirely light brown to yellowish; mesosoma reddish brown................. 13 11 Head coriaceous, without striae and deep punctures on frons, vertex and interocellar area; mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous or very delicately coriaceous, without distinct transverse rugae between notauli........................... S. hakonensis - Head rugose, with distinct deep punctures on frons, vertex and interocellar area, with striae on frons; mesoscutum coriaceous or rugose, with distinct elevated transverse rugae between notauli.............................................. 12 12 Female and male head in frontal view trapezoid, height of eye 1.8–1.9 times as long as length of malar space ( Figs 58, 62 ); female POL:OOL:LOL=2.1:1:1.2 ( Fig. 59 ); length of lateral ocellus in male nearly equal to POL (fig. 63); female F1 1.3–1.4 times as long as F2 ( Fig. 66 )........................................................... S. ishikarii , new species - Female and male head in frontal view rounded or ovate, height of eye only 1.45 times as long as length of malar space ( Figs 16, 20 ), female POL:OOL:LOL=2.8:1:1.2 ( Fig. 17 ); length of lateral ocellus in male 0.6 timeslength of POL ( Fig. 21 ); female F1 almost as long as F2 ( Fig. 22 ).................................................... S. belizinellus , new species 13 Head of female and male in frontal view triangulate, higher than broad; gena narrow, straight and not rounded aside head in frontal view( Figs 134, 137 ).................................................................. S. xialongmeni - Head of female and males in frontal view always rounded, always broader than high; gena convex, visible behind eye in frontal view ( Figs 43, 47 , 107, 111 , 123, 126 ) ……………………………………………………………………….……………….. 14 14 Head and mesosoma reddish brown ( Figs 123–127 , 130–132 )......................................... S. chinensis - Head reddish brown, mesosoma black ( Figs 118–120 )....................................................... 15 15 Postgena without setae ( Fig. 45 ); male F1 not expanded apically ( Fig. 51 ); median mesoscutal line strongly impressed only in posterior half, extending to 2/3 of mesoscutum length, never complete ( Fig. 54 ); mesoscutellum about as long as broad ( Fig. 55 )............................................................................ S . formosanus , new species - Postgena with dense white setae along hypostoma ( Fig. 109, 113 ); male F1 expanded apically ( Fig. 115 ); median mesoscutal line strongly impressed, complete, reaches anterior margin of mesoscutum ( Fig.119 ); mesoscutellum 1.4 times as long as broad ( Fig. 120 )..................................................................... S. symbioticus , new species