Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) Author Lin, Shou-Wang Author Lopardo, Lara Author Uhl, Gabriele text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2022 2021-11-20 195 417 584 journal article 115951 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab033 75b10efe-a17d-4d10-b46e-094c6a7ebf01 0024-4082 6967774 BE2B3859-8F6A-4543-8A69-91840F82377B ‘OEDOTHORAX’ STYLUS TANASEVITCH, 2015 INCERTAE SEDIS ( FIGS 7F , 67G , 68G , 80 ) Oedothorax stylus Tanasevitch, 2015: 393 , figs 83–85 (Dmf). Type material: Holotype : India : Kerala , NW of Nelliampathi Hills , Kaikatty , 900 m , sifting in forest, neara spring, ♂ 30.xi.1972 , leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl (examined) . Paratypes : India : 1♀ , collected together with the holotype ; Madras , Anaimalai Hills , 18 km north of Valparai , 1250 m , forest, sifting litter , 1♂ 18.xi.1972 , leg. C. Besuchet & I. Löbl (examined). Diagnosis: Males: This species can be diagnosed by the scaly elevation representing palpal tibial prolateral apophysis, the exceptionally long and slender ventral radical process, and the lack of prosomal modification. Females: The general appearance of this species is Oedothorax -like. It can be identified by the anterior position of the copulatory ducts opening to the spermathecae. Description: Male ( paratype ): Total length: 1.70. Prosoma: 0.77 long, 0.67 wide, unmodified ( Fig. 7F ). Eyes: AME-AME: 0.02, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.02, ALE width: 0.08, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.08, PLE-PME: 0.03, PME width: 0.08, PME-PME: 0.03. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.48 long, 0.48 wide. Chelicerae: mastidia absent; stridulatory striae rows compressed proximally ( Fig. 67G ). Legs: tibia chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1, dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I 1.56 times diameter of tibia; Tm I: 0.54. All metatarsi with trichobothrium. Pedipalp: patella prolateral proximal vertical macrosetae absent; tibia with one prolateral, two retrolateral trichobothria; TPS absent; TPA short, stout, apical surface scaly; TRA absent ( Fig. 80C ); PC median-sized, base not visible from dorsal view, distal setae close to distal clasp, distal clasp without striae, clasp directed apically ( Fig. 80A ); T without papillae; PT long, with median-sized papillae; TS absent ( Fig. 80D ); MSA present; DSA tip slightly wavy, with a protuberance on dorsal side in front of MSA; EM flat, anterior margin with papillae, length equals ARP ( Fig. 80A ); ARP pointed, weakly sclerotized; LER small, without striae, not extended dorsal to E; VRP long, straight, apically directed; TP tip pointed, narrow; E retrolaterally spiral, anterior margin at base wavy ( Fig. 80B ). Opisthosoma: dorsal pattern see Fig. 68G ; PMS with mAP, two AC; PLS with triad, 3+ AC ( Fig. 80G ). Male ( holotype ): Prosoma: 0.77 long, 0.63 wide. Tm I: 0.54. Female ( paratype ): Total length: 1.96. Prosoma: 0.85 long, 0.66 wide. Eyes: AME-AME: 0.02, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.02, ALE width: 0.09, ALE-PLE: 0, PLE width: 0.09, PLE-PME: 0.04, PME width: 0.08, PME-PME: 0.05. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub- AME seta. Sternum: 0.53 long; 0.51 wide. Legs: tibia chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1, dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 2.72, 2.82, 2.60 and 3.39 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.54. All metatarsi with trichobothrium. Epigyne: Clade 13 characteristic morphology, CO anteriorly oriented ( Fig. 80E, F ). Opisthosoma: dorsal pattern same as male; PMS with mAP, two AC, one CY; PLS with triad, two CY, 3+ AC ( Fig. 80H ). Distribution: At present only known from Kerala and Madras (currently Tamil Nadu ), India . Habitat: Forest litter. Remarks: According to the results of our phylogenetic analysis and the lack of the distinctive characteristics of Oedothorax s. s. (see general description of Oedothorax s.s. ), this species is more closely related to ‘ Oe. ’ cunur and Atypena which, as in this species, are distributed in the Oriental realm. We provisionally leave the taxonomic status of this species unchanged until further data become available.