<p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p> Author Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za Author Wiegmann, Brian M. ashley.kirk-spriggs@nasmus.co.za text Zootaxa 2013 2013-07-09 3684 1 1 166 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3684.1.1 1175-5326 5298914 E922034E-1247-400B-97F6-1778CF766B91 Curtonotum striatifrons Malloch, 1930 , Figs 108 , 132 , 158, 159 , 162 , 168, 193, 196, 199, 202, 205, 206, 209, 212, 323. Cyrtonotum striatifrons : Malloch, 1930: 325 ; figs 6 a–c, p. 158. Type locality: [ Chad ]: “Bahr el Ghazal”. Curtonotum striatifrons : Curran (1933: 3) . Curtonotum striatifrons : Tsacas (1977: 166 ; figs 11 a–e, p. 167). Curtonotum striatifrons : Wirth and Tsacas (1980: 672) . Curtonotum striatifrons : Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 251) . Curtonotum striatifrons : Klymko and Marshall (2011: 8) . Redescription : Male (primarily based on field-pinned N-T). As redescribed for C . maculiventris (above), differing in the following respects: Measurements : Overall length unknown; 9 mm ( Tsacas 1977: 168 ); length of head and thorax combined 3.9 mm ; length of thorax and scutellum combined 3.6 mm ; wing length 5.8 mm ( n = 1, N-T). Head ( Figs 108 , 132 , 158, 159 ). Eye height/length ratio: 16:10 ( n = 1, N-T); frons ( Fig. 132 ) length/width ratio: 10:13 ( n = 1, N-T); arista with 11–13 dorsal branches and 2–5 ventral branches in addition to terminal fork; clypeus pale brown; 1 pair very weak vibrissae and 9 much finer setae bordering genal groove; gena very wide, eye height/genal height ratio: 16:3 ( n = 1, N-T). Legs . Fore femur with ctenidium of 16–17 black spinules. Wing ( Fig. 162 ). Dm–cu crossvein very gently curved. Abdomen . Sternite 6 ( Fig. 193 ) quadrate, with macula apparently absent (only macerated specimen available), clothed in short black irregular brown setulae, those at apical margin longer and more prominent, with pair of preapical divergent medial setae. Terminalia ( Figs 196, 199, 202 ). Hypandrium ( Fig. 196 , hy ); postgonite ( Fig. 196 ); epandrium ( ep ); cercus ( ce ); surstylus ( ss ); phallus (as in Figs 199 , ph , bp , dp , lw ; 202, lw , dp ); phallapodeme ( Fig. 199 , ph ); ejaculatory apodeme ( ea ); basiphallus ( bp ) apical section ( Fig. 202 , dp , lw ) with small acutely angled internal projection and conspicuous lateral wing without projections or serrations and black spine; distiphallus ( Figs 199, 202 , dp ) with complex arrangement of projections as illustrated, extreme apex with semicircular projection. FIGURES 130–141 . Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 130 . C . herrero (N-T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 131 . C . maculiventris (N-T, [Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 132 . C . striatifrons (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). 133 . C . marriott sp. n. (♀ PT, Cameroon, Kriba (beach), TAU). 134 . C . moffatt sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 135 . C . platyphallum (♀ N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. NW Zorzor, CAS). 136 . C . angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 137 . C . campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 138 . C . freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 139 . C . hay sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 140 . C . quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 141 . C . sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). Not to scale. ♀ Similar to ♂ , except in the following respects: wing length 5.7 mm ( n = 1, LT). Postabdomen as illustrated in Figs 205, 206 , auxiliary sclerites in region of sternite 7 as illustrated in Fig. 209 and stermathecae as illustrated in Fig. 212 . Variation . As the species is only known from 3 specimens , insufficient material is available to assess variability. Differential diagnosis . Curtonotum striatifrons is mainly separable from its congeners, C . herrero and C . maculiventris , on head shape (compare Figs 154–159 ), form of the terminalia, especially the shape of the distiphallus, the lateral wing of the basiphallus ( Figs 197–202 ) and of sternite 6 ( Figs 191–193 ) (see above key for details). Females of the three species can be separated on the shape of the auxiliary sclerites in the region of sternite 7 ( Figs 207–209 ) and the shape and structure of fine protuberances on the spermatheca ( Figs 210–212 ). Type material examined . CHAD : lectotype ♀ (here designated), “Type [paper disc; red border] // W.T.R.L. [printed vertically on card] / L. Bahr-el-Ghazal / C. Capt. Bourdillion / D. 12.6.22 / No. 14164 / [printed & handwritten horizontally] // WTRL [printed vertically on card] / Ent. Coll. / 14164 [printed & handwritten] // Pres. By / Imp. Inst. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1931-454 // Cyrtonotum / striatifrons / Type / Det. / J.R. Malloch // LECTOTYPE ♀ / Cyrtonotum / striatifrons Malloch, 1930 / designated by / A . H. Kirk-Spriggs 2008” ( BMNH ). In good condition, right antenna missing; left mid tarsus missing, right hind tarsus damaged; re-staged on nu-poly mount; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen . Remarks . Malloch (1930: 326) described the female of this species, citing the type material as: “ Type , and one paratype , Bahr el Ghazal, 14.vi.1922 , No. 14165, W. T. R. L. ( Capt. Boutdillon ). Returned to the Imperial Bureau of Entomology.” FIGURES 142–153 . Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142 . C . tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143 . C . gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144 . C . saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145 . C . simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146 . C . bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147 . C . cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148 . C . constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149 . C . cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150 . C . litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151 . C . pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152 . C . uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153 . C . unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C . mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale. A single female specimen, bearing these labels, plus the label “ Cyrtonotum / striatifrons / Type / Det. / J.R. Malloch ” is housed in the BMNH , to which the collection of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology was transferred in 1931. The whereabouts of the female paratype bearing the same labels is unknown. As it is not clear whether Malloch labelled the cited paratype as “Type” or “ Paratype ”, this specimen is here regarded as a syntype , not the holotype , as referred to by Tsacas in his 1977 paper. In the same paper Tsacas erroneously regarded a second male specimen from Gadau in northern Nigeria as the “ Allotype ” and described and illustrated the unknown male on the basis of this specimen. Although representing the then unknown male of C . striatifrons , this specimen was not cited as a “Type” by Malloch, it does not bear a Malloch determination label, its date of capture (6.1933) post-dates the publication of the description of the species by three years, and it has no type status or bearing in nomenclature. The yellow rimmed “ Paratype ” label on this specimen was added later and also has no bearing . Malloch (1930: 326) cited the collector of the type material as “ Capt. Boutdillion ”, whereas Tsacas (1977: 168) cites this as “Capt. Bontdillon”, the former being correct. Tsacas further cites the date of capture of the type as “ 14.VI.1922 ” although the label bears the date “12.6.22”. The female syntype from Bahr el Ghazal is here designated as lectotype . Additional material examined (all labelled: “ Curtonotum striatifrons Malloch, 1930 ♂ [or ♀ ] det. A.H. Kirk- Spriggs 2006”]): NIGERIA : 1♂ , (erroneously cited as the “ Allotype ” of Curtonotum striatifrons by Tsacas 1977: 166 ), N. Nigeria: Gadau, vi.1933 , Buxton & Lewis, Pres.by Imp. Inst. Ent., B.M.1934–137, Cyrtonotum striatifrons Mall. det. G.A.K. Marshall, Curtonotum striatifrons Allotype ♂ Malloch L. Tsacas det. 1976 (BMNH). SUDAN : 1♀ , Muséum Paris, Soudan-Egyptien, Roseires, Haut nil Blue, Ch. Alluaud, Décembre 1909 (MNHN). Distribution . Chad , Nigeria and Sudan ( Fig. 323 ). The three known records for the species indicate that it is restricted to the Dry Savanna climatic zone, not to the true Sahel (or Wooded Steppe) climatic zone, and occurs in the 1600–2000 mm Potential Evapotranspiration zone. Bionomics . Occurring in three major habitat types and in the Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands vegetation type (Appendix III ) .