A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Author Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Author Garrison, Rosser W. text Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 journal article 31258 10.11646/zootaxa.4361.1.1 b15f5f11-6a00-4158-8ec8-3d0004605c28 1175-5326 1069337 53489D29-C68F-44FD-9EA2-CFCA7B949630 Protoneura paucinervis Selys, 1886 Figs. 13 ( ♂ habitus), 37 ( ♀ habitus), 59 ( ♀ mes. plate), 83 (gen. lig.), 109 ( ♂ app.), 123 (map) Protoneura paucinervis Selys, 1886: 214 –216 (description of ♂ and ♀ from Pebas, Teffé);— Williamson (1915: 623; in key) ;— Louton et al. (1986 : 438; Peru);— Lencioni (2005: 222; Brazil) ; De Marmels (2008 : 23; Venezuela);— Hoffmann (2009: 63; Peru) ;— Garrison et al. (2010 : 379);— Pessacq et al. (2012 : 70; Brazil);— Bota-Sierra et al. (2015 : 253; Colombia)— von Ellenrieder et al. (2017: 7; Guyana). Primary types. Syntypes ♂ and ♀. Pebas, Teffé [RBINS]. According to Gloyd (1980: 4) the borrowed types of this species were destroyed in the mail. Jérôme Constant ( pers. comm .) located two specimens of P. paucinervis in the Selys collection at the RBINS with locality labels for Teffé, but no specific type labels as is often the case with Selys’ material, both in very poor condition; one has only a part of the thorax left, and the second one has only head and thorax missing legs and wings. Specimens examined. 79 ♂ 56 ♀ : COLOMBIA , Meta Dept. : 1 ♀ , stream and ponds S of Cumaral at Centro Agroecológico La Cosmopolitana ( 4°13'22'' N , 73°29'35'' W , 350 m ), 12 x 2014 , K.J. Tennessen & W.F. Mauffray leg. [ FSCA ] . ECUADOR , Sucumbios Dept.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ , Limoncocha { 0°24' S , 76°36' W , 243 m }, 23 viii 1980 , S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG] ; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (in copula), same data but on Napo River, 12–18 xi 1980 , M.J. Westfall leg. [ FSCA ] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ , same data but lake, 22 viii 1980 , S. W. Dunkle leg. [ FSCA ] ; 1 ♂ , same data but 14 i 1972 , D.L. Pearson leg. [ FSCA ] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in copula), same data but 23 viii 1980 , K.W. Knopf leg. [RWG] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), same data but S.W. Dunkle leg. [RWG] . GUYANA , E Berbice-Corentyne Reg.: 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (in tandem) , Berbice watershed , Berbice River Camp , Berbice River ( 4°9'6'' N , 58°13'44'' W , 95 m ), 22 ix 2014 , R.W. Garrison & J. Archer leg. [ CSBD ] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), same data but stream ( 4°9'4'' N , 58°14'1'' W , 83 m ), 23 ix 2014 [RWG] ; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (in tandem), same data but [ CSCA ] . BRAZIL , Roraima State: 15 ♂ 6 ♀ , Surumu, NW of Depósito { 4°14' N , 60°55' W }, ix 1966 , M. Alvarenga leg. [ UMMZ ] ; 3 ♂ 1 ♀ , same data but [ CSCA ] . PERU , Loreto Dept. : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Quistococha, oxbow of Itaya River, W of Iquitos {3°50' S, 73°10' W, 150 m }, 12 viii 1986 , J. Louton leg. [USNM]; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ , same data but [RWG]; Madre de Dios Dept .: 1 ♂ 2 ♀, P. N. Manu, Pakitza, Cocha Salvador (11°55'48'' S, 71°15'18'' W, 250 m ), 14 ix 1988 , J.A. Louton leg. [USNM]; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ , same data but [RWG] ; 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (one pair pair in copula), same data but 21 ix 1989 [ USNM ] ; 1 ♂ , same data but [RWG] ; 29 ♂ 22 ♀ , same data but ( 11°59'51'' S , 71°13'57'' W , 202 m ), 4 vii 1993 , R.W. Garrison leg. [RWG] ; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ , same data but [ CSCA ] ; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ , Explorer's Inn, Cocococha, 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado , wooded lake edge { 12°50' S , 69°17' W , 300 m }, 17 ii 1982 , D.L. Pearson leg. [ FSCA ]. BOLIVIA , Santa Cruz Dept. : 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (one pair in tandem), 23.5 km N on highway 9 of Ascención de Guarayos, borrow pit pond and adjacent forest ( 15°49'36'' S , 63°22'53'' W ), 26 viii 2003 , W.F. Mauffray leg. [ FSCA ] ; 3 ♂ 3 ♀ (two pairs in tandem), same data but [ USNM ] ; 2 ♂ , same data but deep lake, J.J. Daigle leg. [RWG] ; 2 ♂ , same data but [RWG]. Characterization. Male: Epicranium black with metallic copper and green reflections, thorax dorsum black and yellow, dorsum of S1, S3–7 except small basal yellow ring, and S8-10 black; pale colors bright yellow to pale yellow ( Fig. 13 ). Pronotum black with lateral margins yellow. Mesepisternum yellow with black anterior margin narrowing posteriorly over middorsal carina; mesepimeron black with large yellow spot along mesepisternalmesepimeral carina and small yellow spot on anterodorsal corner; metepisternum yellow with broad black stripe along posterior; metepimeron yellow with small black spot on posterodorsal corner. Coxa, trochanter, and basal half of femur flexor surface yellow; remainder of femur dark brown; tibia black on flexor surface and brown to yellow on extensor surface; tarsi yellow with brown margins; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes and with a straight distal margin, with margins of distal segment spiculate, and laterodistal corners projected anteroventrally ( Fig. 83 ). Cercus shorter than S10 length, shorter than half of paraproct’s length, about as long as wide, with a depression on external lateral surface ( Fig. 109a ); medial surface with a small pointed ventrobasal and a pointed mediobasal tooth; tip slightly bifid, with a stronger outer tooth and a lower blunt medial tooth, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 109b, c ). Paraproct about twice as long as S10 length, at midlength narrowing to half its basal width and with medial surface concave ( Fig. 109 ). TL 39–43.5; Hw 19–21. Female: As male but pronotum yellow with black restricted to middle lobe mediodorsal areas; mesepisternum black with yellow antehumeral stripe extending along basal 1/3 to 2/3; mesepimeron with narrow yellow humeral stripe along distal 3/4; S1–10 black dorsally, S3–7 with narrow yellow basal ring; pale lateral area of S9 extended medioposteriorly to about 1/2 of segment height ( Fig. 37 ). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, with straight lateral margins ( Fig. 59b ), directed posterodorsally. Mesostigmal plate upright and foliate, adjacent at posteromedial corner with a transverse tubercle on mesepisternum ( Figs. 59a, c ); no depressions behind mesostigmal plates. TL 37–39; Hw 21.5–22. Diagnosis. Protoneura paucinervis is diagnosed under P. corculum account. Habitat and biology. This species was found to be abundant in Pakitza at water's edge and along trails gleaning chironomids from leaf tips in dappled sunlight (R. W. Garrison pers. obs. ). Unlike many other Protoneura , D. R. Paulson ( pers. comm. ) found this to be a lake species, abundant at oxbow lakes east of the Andes, where it behaves in typical Protoneura fashion, ovipositing in tandem on floating twigs and grass stems. Interestingly, at both Limoncocha and Explorer's Inn, almost every male seen was paired, tandem pairs hovering over the water or ovipositing, indicating that perhaps they mate away from water (D. R. Paulson pers. comm. ). Distribution. Colombia , Venezuela , Guyana , Brazil , Ecuador , Peru , and Bolivia ( Fig. 123 ).