Synopsis of the Grenadier Fishes (Gadiformes; Teleostei) of Taiwan Author Iwamoto, Tomio Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Author Nakayama, Naohide Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2 - 5 - 1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780 - 8073, Japan; Author Shao, Kwang-Tsao Research Center for Biodiversity, Academia Sinica No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Author Table, Hsuan-Ching Ho text Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 2015 2015-04-15 62 3 31 126 journal article 299670 10.5281/zenodo.11512126 522b8de7-880d-40ca-803e-aa5a3a05c5f6 0068-547X 11512126 Nezumia spinosa (Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916) Figures 20A–B . Lionurus spinosus Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916:199–200 , pl. 10, fig.2 ( holotype , USNM 76868 , East China Sea off Japan , 427 fm [ 781 m ]).— Gilbert and Hubbs 1920:554 ( 4 spec. , off Luzon , Philippines ).— Okamura, 1970:94 (in part; in synonymy of Nezumia proximus ). Nezumia spinosa : Okamura in Masuda et al., 1984:95 , pl. 345–A (compiled).— Iwamoto, 1990:254 , fig. 582 (in key).— Iwamoto and Anderson, 1994:18–19 ( 22 spec. , 26.3–44.2 HL; 117–255 mm TL, s. Africa and Mozambique , 560–1000 m ).— Iwamoto and Merrett, 1997:542–545 , fig. 29b ( 8 spec. , 20–54.2 HL, 133–319 TL; sw. Pacific, Japan , South China Sea, 660–900 m ).— Iwamoto and Williams, 1999: 202–204, fig. 43b ( 8 spec. , 33.3–51.1 HL, 140–260+ TL, Western Australia, 420–853 m ).— Merrett and Iwamoto, 2000:772–773 ( 1 spec. , 45 HL, 250+ TL; Norfolk Ridge [sw. Pacific], 640–740 m ).— Shao et al., 2008 : table 2 ( 3 spec. , Taiwan [ SWT , SCS ], 316–720 m ; first record from Taiwan). MATERIAL EXAMINED ( 6 spec. ).— SWT : ASIZP 65545 (1, 170 TL), CD 137, 316– 477 m ; ASIZP 67586 (2, 105+-160+TL), CP 338, 569 m ; ASIZP 67591 (1, 34 HL, 159+ TL); CP 338, 569 m. SCS : ASIZP 66747 (1, 216+ TL), CD 320, 731 m ; ASIZP 66817 (1, 127+ TL), CP 315, 509 m. DISTINGUISHING FEATURES .— 1D II,9–10 (rarely 8 or 12); P i18–i22; V 8–9; inner GR-I 9–12 total; scale rows below midbase 1D 6.5–9, below 2D 7.5–11; lateral line scales over distance equal to predorsal length 35–42; pyl. caeca 15–16 (13–14 fide Iwamoto and Anderson 1994:18). Snout length 28–32% HL; preoral length 18–29%; interorbital 18–24%; orbit 29–31%; orbit to preopercle 34–40%; suborbital 12–14%; upper jaw 27–33%; barbel 9–18%. Body relatively slender, compressed; head about 5–6 in TL; snout conical, protruding well beyond mouth, with stout tubercles at tip and lateral angles; suborbital ridge sharp and beset with stout modified scales; underside of head almost completely naked, with large pores; body scales densely covered with long, needle-like spinules in parallel to convergent rows. Long spinous ray of 1D 96–156% HL, serrations widely spaced. Anterior dermal window of light organ prominent, situated between V-fin bases. Color overall light brown, blackish over abdomen; gill cover, gill membranes dark; mouth and gill cavities black; 1D blackish proximally, pale to whitish distally, V black, P and A dusky. Attains about 320 mm TL. FIGURE 20. Nezumia spinosa (Gilbert and Hubbs, 1916) . A. ASIZP 67586, 105 mm TL, fresh. B. ASIZP66817, 127+ mm TL, preserved. DISTRIBUTION .— A widespread Indo-Pacific species; s. Japan through Philippines , Indonesia , s. to New Caledonia region, w. coast of Australia , and s. Africa , in 316–1000 m . Our Taiwan specimens were taken in 316–731 m . REMARKS .— Shao et al. (2008) first recorded the species from Taiwan based on the current specimens.