Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species Author Müller, Andreas text Zootaxa 2018 2018-04-30 4415 2 297 329 journal article 30150 10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.4 4880ad2b-42d6-419d-b115-ecd2f777eea5 1175-5326 1241994 12025774-DB2C-436F-A06C-1A8F9A2B2361 Osmia ( Hoplosmia ) bidentata Morawitz 1876 Osmia bidentata Morawitz 1876 : 38 . Type material: Syntypes ♂♂ , ♀♀ , “Etschmiadzin” ( Armenia ), type depository unknown. Osmia affinis Frivaldsky 1877: 360 . Type material: Syntypes ♂♂ , ♀♀ , “In Comitatu Crassoviensi ad Oraviczam, in Comitatu Pestiensi vero ad Budapestinum et in Praedio-Peszér” ( Hungary ), type depository unknown. Synonymy by Mocsáry (1884) . Literature records. AUSTRIA : Styria , Lower Austria , Vienna , Burgenland ( Gusenleitner et al . 2012 ); Vienna , Nordbahnhof ( Zettel et al . 2016 ). CZECH REPUBLIQUE: Moravia : Znojmo, Kobyli, Pouzdřany, Dolní Věstonice, Pavlovské vrchy, Uherské Hradiště ( Tkalců 1974a ). SLOVAKIA : Trenčín, Štúrovo, Gbelce, Mužla, Kamenica n. Hr., Chl’aba, Turňa n. Bodvou, Košice ( Tkalců 1974a ). HUNGARY : Great Hungarian Plain, Transdanubian Hills, Transdanubian Mountains, North Hungarian Mountains, West Hungary ( Józan 2011 ). POLAND : Southeastern Poland (Bogdanowicz et al . 2004). ROMANIA : Agigea, Runc, Racova, Urechesti, Comorova, Ulea, Cordun, Traian, Piatra Neamt , Gugesti (Ban-Calefariu 2009, Tomozii & Toma 2011 ). UKRAINE : Crimea , Zaporozhzhie, Donetzk, Luhansk ( Romasenko 1995 ). RUSSIA : southern European Russia ( Osychnyuk et al . 1978 ). ITALY : Piemonte , Lombardia , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Veneto , Lazio , Abruzzi (Comba & Comba 1991, Pagliano 1994 ). SLOVENIA : Prealpine region (Gogala 2014). CROATIA : Brač Island/S. Pietro-Neresi ( Maidl 1922 ); Zadar-Sukosany, Split ( Tkalců 1974a ); Briševo, Gorica, Kakma, Karlobag, Lukovo Šugarje, Rijeka, Tribanj Krušćica ( Józan 2009 ). SERBIA : Novi Sad (Tkalců 1974). MONTENEGRO : Ulcin ( Tkalců 1974a ). MACEDONIA : Dojran lake ( Tkalců 1974a ); Tetovo ( Zanden 1984a ). ALBANIA : Pashtrik ( Maidl 1922 ). BULGARIA : Sandanski, Slantschev Brjag, Aitos ( Tkalců 1974a ). TURKEY : Izmir , Balikesir , Istanbul , Aydin , Antalya , Nevsehir , Karaman , Sivas , Bayburt , Erzurum , Bitlis , Ardahan , Kars , Agri , Van ( Tkalců 1979 , Özbek & Zanden 1992 ); Ankara , Cankiri , Eskisehir , Yozgat , Sivas ( Güler & Cagatay 2006 ). IRAN : Teheran province/road Sar Ziarat-Chalus ( Nadimi et al . 2013 ). SYRIA : Barze, Damas ( Zanden 1989 ). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE : Jerusalem (Tkalců 1974). EGYPT : Cairo ( Tkalců 1974a , 1979 ). New records. AUSTRIA: Lower Austria : Mistelbach , 17.7.1995 (leg. K. Dollfuss ) ; Burgenland : Winden am See , 14.8.1984 (leg. M. Schwarz ) . HUNGARY : Buda , 7.7.1886 (leg. H. Friese ) . ITALY : Toscana : Massa Marittima , 600 m , 27.7.2005 (leg. A. Müller ) ; Abruzzo : Massa d’Alba , 900 m , 23.8.2002 (leg. A. Müller ) ; Puglia : Mte. Gargano, Monte Sant’Angelo, 530 m , 30.6.1994 (leg. A. Müller ) . CROATIA : Makarska , 27.6.2011 (leg. Z. Pedr ) . SERBIA : Pristina , 20.6.2000 (leg. Ø. Berg ) . MACEDONIA : Ohrid , 24.7.1958 (leg. W. Schläfle ). GREECE : Western Macedonia : Kozani, Proastio, 620 m , 18.6.1990 (leg. J. Tiefenthaler ) ; Central Macedonia : Saloniki , 6.1960 (leg. W. Schläfle ) ; Central Greece : Orchomenos, Arkadia, 25.6.1996 (leg. W. Arens ) ; Western Greece : Patras , Panahaikon mountains , 800–1700m , 25.6.1998 (leg. W. Arens ) ; Peloponnese : Epidauros, Limera, 9.6.1996 (leg. W. Arens ) ; Crete : Kato Horio NE Ierapetra , 15.4.1986 (leg. W. Vöth ) ; Aegean Islands : Lesbos, Polichitos, 24.6.2008 (leg. C. Sedivy ) ; Thasos, Astris, 21.6.2012 (leg. M. de Courcy); Syros, Komito, 11.6.2013 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Kea, Poisses-Koundouros, 27.6.2013 (leg. T. Petanidou). BULGARIA : Kresna-Piria , 5.1967 (leg. M. Kocourek ) ; Arkutino , 7.1968 (leg. A. Görtier ) ; Slantschev Brjag , 6.1972 (leg. M. Kocourek ) ; Neseban , 7.1986 (leg. Z. Pedr ) ; Szozopol , 8.7.1986 (leg. Kolacek ) ; Primorsko env., 6.8.1988 (leg. P. Tyrner ) ; SW Razlog , 16.8.1993 (leg. Z. Pedr ) ; Sandanski , 6.1994 (leg. M. Kocourek ) ; Trakia , Plovdiv , 20.7.1996 (leg. A. Zaykov ) ; Rodopi, Studenec, 25.7.1997 (leg. Z. Pedr); Dervinska Mogila , 25 km NE Svilengrad , 500m , 20.6.2008 (leg. M. Halada ) . TURKEY : Canakkale : 6 km N Ezine , 35 m , 27.7.2006 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Izmir : 10 km NE Odemis , 1200 m , 3.7.2006 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Aydin : Adnan Menderes University, Campus, 4.7.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl ) ; Manisa : 15 km SEE Salihli , 170 m , 2.7.2006 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Denizli : around Denizli , 14.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl ) ; Eskisehir : Porsuk Baraji Sebran , 8.7.1993 (leg. K. Denes ) ; Burdur : 20 km SW Burdur , 940 m , 7.7.2006 (leg. J. Halada ) ; Isparta : Egirdir Gölu , 5 km N Akkecili , 920 m , 10.7.2006 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Konya : Çumra , 1020 m , 12.8.2000 (leg. M. Kesdek ) ; Aksaray : Esmekaya , 52 km W Aksaray , 16.7.1998 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger ) ; Nevsehir : Göreme , 23.6.1993 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Nigde : Camardi , 13.7.1997 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Kayseri : Burhaniye , 1320 m , 13.7.1996 (leg. P. Rasmont ) ; Sivas : Karagöl , 1260 m , 14.7.1996 (leg. P. Rasmont ) ; Malatya : Erkenek , 80 km SW Malatya , 9.7.1997 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Adiyaman : Nemrut Dagi Karadut , 2.7.1993 (leg. K. Denes ) ; Erzincan : Erzincan , 18.7.1997 (leg. E. Yildirim ) ; Elazig : Hazar Gölü SE Elazig , 29.6.2000 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Sanliurfa : Caylarbasi , 70 km N Urfa , 2.6.1998 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Erzurum : Eskipalat , 1810 m , 20.7.1997 (leg. P. Rasmont ) ; Bingöl : Solhan-Baglan , 2120 m , 25.6.2004 (leg. M. Kesdek ) ; Mardin : 20 km N Mardin , 21.6.1997 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Bitlis : 20 km SW Bitlis , 23.6.1997 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Igdir : 20 km NW Igdir , 29.6.1997 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Agri : Gökoglu , 1680 m , 22.7.1997 (leg. P. Rasmont ) ; Van : Tevekli , 1740 m , 23.7.1997 (leg. P. Rasmont ) . ARMENIA : Armawir : Vanand , 1120 m , 18.6.2006 (leg. Ø. Berg ) . IRAN: East Azerbaijan : Sis , 10 km E Shabestar , 1540 m , 19.6.2012 (leg. Z. Pedr ) ; Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province : Kuh Go near Sisakht , 2500 m , 9.6.2010 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Fars : Komehr , 2380 m , 9.6.2010 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Lorestan : 10 km SW Dorud , 1520 m , 27.5.2014 (leg. J. Halada ) . SYRIA : Khabab , 60 km S Damascus , 14.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; 30 km S Suwayda , 15– 17.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Dara Nawa, 18.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; 40 km NE Damascus , 22.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Dibbin , 30 km W Damascus , 19.6.2000 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Kafr, Suwayda, 21.6.2000 (leg. M. Halada ). ISRAEL AND PALESTINE : Northern District : Golan , 1 km S Ein Kinya , 600 m , 5.5.2010 (leg. C. Sedivy , C. Praz ) ; Mt. Hermon , 2180 m , 27.6.2010 (leg. A. Dorchin ) ; Upper Galilee , Nahal Ga'ton 1.4 km N Ga'ton , 240 m , 30.5.2011 (leg. A. Dorchin ) ; Upper Galilee , Har Meron , 14.6.2013 (leg. G. Pisanty ) ; West Bank : Wadi Og , - 10 m , 7.4.2012 (leg. J.S.Ascher , A.Payne ) ; Nahal Perat , 14.3.2015 (leg. G. Pisanty ). JORDAN : Jordan Valley, Tall al Arbatin , 20 km S North Shuna , 19.4.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Jordan Valley, South Shuna , 25– 26.4.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; Jordan Valley, Dayr Alla, 27.4.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; 30 km N Tafila , 2.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada ) ; N Zarga , 26.4.2002 (leg. M. Snizek ) ; 15 km S of Madaba , 28.4.2006 (leg. F. Kantner ) ; Dead Sea , road Al-Tafila-Feifa, 18.4.2007 (leg. C. Praz , C. Sedivy , A. Müller ) ; Wadi Mujib , King’s Highway , 19.4.2007 (leg. C. Praz , C. Sedivy , A. Müller ) . Distribution. From eastern Austria , southern Czech Republique, Slovakia and Hungary over southeastern Poland and Romania to southern Ukraine and southern European Russia ; from Italy and Slovenia over the Balkan peninsula ( Croatia , Serbia , Montenegro , Macedonia , Albania , Greece including Crete , Bulgaria ) and Turkey to the Caucasus ( Armenia ) and central Iran ; from Turkey over the Levant ( Syria , Israel and Palestine , Jordan ) to northern Egypt . The westernmost record is from Mondovi in Italian Piemonte province (G. Pagliano personal communication), the northernmost from Uherské Hradiště in southern Moravia, the southernmost from Cairo in northern Egypt and the easternmost from Komehr in Iranian Fars province . The species’ occurrence in Turkmenistan , Mongolia and the Russian Far East as reported by Romankova (1995) appears to be doubtful and needs verification. Osmia bidentata seems to be entirely absent from France , the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb, where it is replaced by O . anceyi as already assumed by Tkalců (1979) . Subspecific classification. The metasomal scopa of females occurring on Lesbos, in Turkey , Iran , the Levant and Egypt is whitish rather than yellowish-red as in females of the more western populations and of the Caucasus. Based on this difference, Tkalců (1979) established two subspecies, i.e. Osmia bidentata bidentata Morawitz 1876 distributed mainly in Europe and O . bidentata pallens ( Tkalců 1979 ) ranging from easternmost Europe over Turkey eastwards to Iran and southwards to northern Egypt . Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteraceae (based on 62 pollen loads from 27 different localities in Italy , Austria , Hungary , Macedonia , Greece , Turkey , Syria , Israel and Jordan and on field observations). All loads exclusively consisted of Centaurea pollen except for two loads that additionally contained moderate quantities of thistle pollen, indicating that O . bidentata most probably restricts pollen harvesting to the subfamily Carduoideae ( Fig. 3 ). One load contained small amounts of Onobrychis pollen ( Fabaceae ) beside Centaurea pollen, suggesting that the females very rarely also exploit pollen hosts other than the Asteraceae . These findings are in contrast to Güler & Sorkun (2007) , who assume O . bidentata to be polylectic, harvesting pollen from flowers of eleven plant families. Flower records: Carduus spec., Centaurea stoebe ( Tkalců 1974a ) ; Arctium , Carduus spec., Centaurea iberica , C . spinosa , Cirsium spec., Onopordum spec. (label records). Nesting biology. The nests are built in various preexisting cavities, such as insect burrows in dead wood, dead hollow plant stems (e.g. Phragmites ) or cavities in the soil ( Popovici-Baznosanu 1909 ; Banaszak & Romasenko 2001; A. Müller unpublished data), possibly also in abandoned nests of aculeates in loess scarps (H. Wiesbauer personal communication). They contain 1–11 linearly arranged brood cells, which are separated from each other by partitions made of mud. In Phragmites stems, the entire brood cells including their walls may be constructed from mud. The nest is sealed by a one-layered wall of mud at its opening. The space between the outermost cell and the nest plug is 1.5–5 cm long and usually empty, but is occasionally divided up by an additional wall of mud. Osmia bidentata overwinters in the prepupal stage ( Popovici-Baznosanu 1909 ).