Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species Author Hegg, Danilo 34DFC18A-F53D-417F-85FC-EF514F6D2EFD Wētā Conservation Charitable Trust, 135 Blacks Road, Ōpoho, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand. danilo@wetaconservation.org.nz text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-09-09 955 1 1 87 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2655/12275 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.955.2655 2118-9773 13742408 5D22E144-EF73-4085-9774-E853EEEC6001 Bobilla bigelowi ( Swan, 1972 ) Figs 3 , 4B , 12–14 , 15G–L , 16C–F , 38B Pteronemobius bigelowi Swan, 1972: 533–534 , figs 1–2. Pteronemobius bivittatus – Hudson 1973: 167–169 (pars). Pteronemobius bigelowi – McIntyre 1977a: 63–72 ; 1977b: 319–323 ; 1978: 3–10 . Bobilla bigelowi – Otte et al. 1987: 399 . Diagnosis A medium- to large-sized ground cricket (body length 6 to 9 mm ), coloured dark grey or black. Males without spike-like tufts of bristles on each side of the suranal plate. Male tegmina with less than 180 teeth in stridulatory file; ratio PCSD/ PCLD between 0.496 and 0.558. Females with short ovipositor ( 3.1 mm to 4.9 mm ), weakly denticulate at apex. Disambiguation from Bobilla nigrova generally requires microscope examination (See Table 1 ) or sound analysis. Etymology Named for Robert Sidney Bigelow, New Zealand entomologist (1918–2000). Material examined (see also Supp. file 1: Table S2 ) Holotype NEW ZEALAND • ♂ , adult; Kaikōura (KA), Conway Flat , Parnassus ; 42.61893° S , 173.45750° E ; 10 m a.s.l. ; 12 May 1970 ; D.I. Swan leg.; grassland; NZAC 03015213 . Paratypes NEW ZEALAND • 5 ♂♂ , 4 ♀♀ , adult; same data as for holotype; NZAC 03015516 • 6 ♂♂ ; Nelson (NN), Richmond ; 41.333° S , 173.183° E ; 10 m a.s.l. ; 15 May 1970 ; A. Edgar leg.; grassland (sports field); NZAC 03015522 • 2 ♂♂ , 3 ♀♀ ; Mid Canterbury (MC), Ilam ; 43.52318° S , 172.58565° E ; 14 m a.s.l. ; 29 August 1970 ; D.I. Swan leg.; grassland; NZAC 03015677 . Other material NEW ZEALAND – Dunedin (DN) • 2 ♀♀ ; Signal Hill , Dunedin ; 45.86207° S , 170.53995° E ; 200 m a.s.l. ; 14 Apr. 2024 ; D. Hegg leg.; grassland; trowel and jar ; MPN OR0406 , OR0407 . – Central Otago (CO) • 5 ♂♂ , 4 ♀♀ ; Big Hut track, Rock and Pillar Range ; 45.44488° S , 170.09697° E ; 750 m a.s.l. ; 1 Jul. 2021 ; D. Hegg leg.; mixed grass and snow; insect net ; MPN OR0456 to OR0464 . – Mackenzie (MK) • 2 ♂♂ ; Lake Ōhau ; 44.25812° S , 169.81463° E ; 620 m a.s.l. ; 24 Feb. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; grassland; insect net ; MPN OR0436 , OR0437 . – South Canterbury (SC) • 1 ♂ ; Little Mt Peel ; 43.8811° S , 171.2321° E ; 930 m a.s.l. ; 27 May 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; on walking track ; jar ; MPN OR0162 . – Mid Canterbury (MC) • 1 ♀ ; Māhoe Reserve , Lincoln ; 43.63296° S , 172.48729° E ; 20 m a.s.l. ; 25 Oct. 2021 ; D. Hegg leg.; grassland; insect net ; MPN OR0182 • 5 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; Tumbledown Bay , Banks Peninsula ; 43.85050° S , 172.77288° E ; 10 m a.s.l. ; 12 Aug. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; on 4WD track; insect net ; MPNOR0174 to OR0180 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; Mt Hutt Ski-field Road ; 43.54992° S , 171.56014° E ; 600 m a.s.l. ; 21 Jan. 2024 ; D. Hegg leg.; roadside vegetation; insect net ; MPN OR0183 , OR0184 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; Glenrock Stream , Rakaia River ; 43.33354° S , 171.37505° E ; 630 m a.s.l. ; 28 Jul. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; grassy 4WD track; jar ; MPN OR0168 , OR0169 • 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; Turtons Saddle , Rakaia River ; 43.35823° S , 171.36818° E ; 1100 m a.s.l. ; 30 Jul. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; on 4WD track; jar; MPN OR0164 to OR0167 . – North Canterbury (NC) • 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; Poulter River ; 42.97195° S , 171.88941° E ; 550 m a.s.l. ; 2 Oct. 2021 ; D. Hegg leg.; on 4WD track; insect net ; MPN OR0170 to OR0173 . – Buller (BR) • 1 ♂ ; Haupiri River ; 42.65391° S , 171.77393° E ; 300 m a.s.l. ; 23 Oct. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; grassland; jar ; MPN OR0187 . – Kaikōura (KA) • 1 ♀ ; Mt Fyffe car park, Kaikōura ; 42.35158° S , 173.56781° E ; 180 m a.s.l. ; 5 Jul. 2021 ; D. Hegg leg.; roadside vegetation; insect net ; MPN OR0480 . – Marlborough (MB) • 1 ♀ ; Jacks Pass ; 42.47697° S , 172.82517° E ; 850 m a.s.l. ; 12 Apr. 2022 ; D. Hegg leg.; roadside vegetation; insect net ; MPN OR0185 • 1 ♀ ; Onamalutu Road , Wairau River ; 41.47056° S , 173.73139° E ; 80 m a.s.l. ; 7 Mar. 2022 ; D. Hegg leg.; in roadside ditch; jar ; MPN OR0181 . – Rangitikei (RI) • 4 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ ; Waipawa Forks Hut ; 39.79859° S , 176.17517° E ; 720 m a.s.l. ; 14 Mar. 2024 ; D. Hegg leg.; in lawn outside hut; insect net ; MPN OR0312 to OR0316 . – Taranaki (TK) • 1 ♂ ; Awakino Gorge ; 38.62087° S , 174.74416° E ; 130 m a.s.l. ; 19 Mar. 2024 ; D. Hegg leg.; in lawn; jar ; MPN OR0317 . – Waikato (WO) • 7 ♂♂ , 7 ♀♀ ; Leitchs Clearing , Herangi Range ; 38.43453° S , 174.76800° E ; 270 m a.s.l. ; 2 Apr. 2022 ; D. Hegg leg.; in tall grass; trowel and jar ; MPN OR0148 to OR0161 . – Bay of Plenty (BP) • 1 ♂ ; Hurunui Hut , Kaimai Range ; 37.81700° S , 175.92802° E ; 540 m a.s.l. ; 15 Apr. 2023 ; D. Hegg leg.; in grass; insect net ; MPN OR0163 • 3 ♂♂ , 5 ♀♀ ; Little Manganuku Stream ; 38.26649° S , 177.38991° E ; 360 m a.s.l. ; 18 Apr. 2021 ; D. Hegg leg.; stony river bed; insect net ; MPN OR0465 to OR0472 . – Gisborne (GB) • 1 ♂ ; Hikurangi ; 37.86112° S , 178.08154° E ; 390 m a.s.l. ; 17 Apr. 2024 ; D. Hegg leg.; on 4WD track; jar ; MPN OR0417 . – Northland (ND) • 1 ♀ ; Kohuroanaki Loop Track , Te Paki ; 34.50864° S , 172.82443° E ; 90 m a.s.l. ; 26 Mar. 2022 ; D. Hegg leg.; on 4WD track; insect net ; MPN OR0186 . Description Refer to the detailed description in Swan (1972) . See also Fig. 13 in this work. MEASUREMENTS . See Tables 1 and 2 . Females are larger than males. SONG . Bobilla bigelowi sings at a frequency of 7.5 k to 8 Hz at 27°C, with a pulse rate greater than 20 pulses per second. Refer to the detailed description in McIntyre 1977a . See also Fig. 14 and Table 2 in this work. The high pulse rate (> 20 pulses / s) is the main feature that distinguishes the song of B. bigelowi from the song of B. nigrova . Habitat and ecology Common and widespread in meadows and grasslands throughout New Zealand , including sports fields and urban parks, Bobilla bigelowi is mainly active during the day; it may sing through the night on warm nights only. It is a frost tolerant species; adults often survive winter and may be encountered at any time of the year. Bobilla bigelowi is generally found on ground with a high level of humidity. It forms mixed populations with B. nigrova and with species in the genus Pteronemobius , with which it can easily be confused. Fig. 12. Bobilla bigelowi ( Swan, 1972 ) . A . Winged adult ♂, dorsal view. Lake Ōhau, Mackenzie Country (MPN OR0437). B . Dorsal view of adult ♀ with short forewings. Tumbledown Bay, Banks Peninsula (MPN OR0174). C. Adult ♂, lateral view. Little Manganuku Stream, Bay of Plenty (MPN OR0470). Scale bars = 2 mm. Fig. 13. Bobilla bigelowi ( Swan, 1972 ) . A–B . Lateral and frontal view of head, adult ♀. Jacks Pass, North Canterbury (MPN OR0185). C . Dorsal view of right forewing in adult ♂. Lake Ōhau, Mackenzie Country (MPN OR0436). D . Male genitalia, external view, dorsal. Tumbledown Bay, Banks Peninsula (MPN OR0180). E . Egg. Mt Hutt, Canterbury (MPN OR0184). F–G . Apex of ovipositor, dorsal view, showing weak denticulation on lateral valves (F. MPN OR0153; G. MPN OR0174). H . Ovipositor, lateral view. Tumbledown Bay, Banks Peninsula (MPN OR0174). Scale bars = 500 μm. Fig. 14. Bobilla bigelowi ( Swan, 1972 ) song, recorded in the field at 22°C. Whangārei, Northland. A . Spectrogram of a sequence of three chirps. B . Oscillogram of a sequence of three chirps. C . Oscillogram of one chirp consisting of eleven pulses. D . Power spectrum of one chirp. Fig. 15. Bobilla Otte & Alexander, 1983 , ♂ genitalia of New Zealand species. A–F . Bobilla nigrova ( Swan, 1972 ) . A–C . Microscope images of pseudepiphallic sclerite. Coromandel (MPN OR0481). A . Dorsal view. B . Ventral view. C . Lateral view. D–F . Micro CT scans. Ruahine Forest (MPN OR0310). D . Dorsal view, Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP). E . Cross-section, dorsal view, Volume Blending. F . Lateral view, MIP. G–L . Bobilla bigelowi ( Swan, 1972 ) . Ruahine Forest. G–H . Microscope images of pseudepiphallic sclerite (MPN OR0313). G . Dorsal view. H . Ventral view. I–L . Micro CT scans, MIP (MPN OR0312). I . Posterior-lateral view (45º angle). J . Ventral view. K . Cross-section, dorsal view. L . Lateral view. Scale bars = 250 μm. Distribution All of New Zealand except for Rakiura / Stewart Island, Chatham Islands and subantarctic islands ( Fig. 38B ).