On the Australian Bark Crab Spider Genus Stephanopis: Taxonomic Review and Description of Seven New Species (Araneae: Thomisidae: Stephanopinae) Author Machado, Miguel Laboratório de Aracnologia-Escola de Ciências Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil Author Teixeira, Renato Augusto Laboratório de Aracnologia-Escola de Ciências Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil Author Milledge, Graham A. Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia text Records of the Australian Museum 2019 2019-09-18 71 6 217 276 journal article 10.3853/j.2201-4349.71.2019.1698 2201-4349 4653814 7EDBAB7F-0E3B-47D7-AA29-0906728ADA05 Stephanopis bicornis L. Koch, 1874 Figs 14–15 Stephanopis bicornis L. Koch, 1874: 501 , pl. 38, fig. 3.—L. Koch, 1876: 751 , pl. 66, fig. 1. Stephanopis aruana Thorell, 1881: 317 ( holotype , female, Wokam [ 5°47'16.66"S 134°30'45.05"E ], Aru Island , Indonesia , deposited in the MSNG, examined). New synonym . Stephanopis yulensis Thorell, 1881: 319 ( syntype , female, Yule Island [ 8°49'S 146°32'E ], Papua New Guinea , deposited in the MSNG, examined). New synonym . Type material examined . Syntypes , 3♀♀ , ZMB 3415 , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia , 33°52'S 151°12'E ; ZSMH , 1♀ , Sydney. Other material examined . Queensland : AMS KS .66438, 1♂ , Cape Tribulation Rd, c. 100 m N of Cape Kimberley Rd turnoff., 16°15'35"S 145°26'11"E , G. Milledge & H. Smith , 20 May 2000 ; QM S15957 , 1♀ , Mount Moffatt NP ( Kenniff Cave ), 25°1'0.012"S 147°57'E , M. Bennie , 27 September 1987 ; AMS KS .33565, 1♀ , Condamine , 26°56'S 150°08'E , N. Geary , 10 March 1937 . New South Wales : AMS KS .52155, 1♀ , Swansea area , 23°05'S 151°38'E , M . R . Gray , 2 April 1990 ; QM S104662 , 1♂ , Byron Bay , 28°38'50.52"S 153°36'7.12"E , R . Monroe , 25 November 1971 ; AMS KS .108683, 1♀ , Pittwater , 33°38'S 151°18'E , R . E. Mascord , 2 October 1966 ; AMS KS .18778, 1♀ , Ku-ring-gai Chase NP, 33°39'S 151°08'E , M . R . Gray , January 1988 ; AMS KS .122205, 1♂ , Mount Colah , 33°39'45"S 151°07'12"E , H. M. Smith , 15 April 2013 ; AMS KS .70139, 1♀ , Hornsby ( Waitara Creek ), 33°42'S 151°06'E , G. Milledge , 14 January 2001 ; AMS KS .108685, 2♀♀ , Gladesville , 33°50'S 151°08'E , R . E. Mascord , 4 December 1965 ; AMS KS .108659, 1♀ , Sydney , 33°53'S 151°13'E , J. Hild ; AMS KS .108681, 1♂ , Kurnell ( Sydney ), 34°00'S 151°13'E , C. E. Chadwick , 4 April 1970 ; AMS KS .101228, 2♀♀ , Livingstone NP ( 30km South of Wagga Wagga ), 35°22'S 147°22'E , C. Car , 19 September 2001 ; AMS KS .101259, 1♂ , same data except 22 June 2001 ; AMS KS .101226, 1♀ , same data except 18 October 2001 ; AMS KS .101278, 3♀♀ , same data except 24 May 2001 ; AMS KS .101284, 1♀ , same data except 21 July 2001 ; AMS KS .107253, 2♂♂ , Kosciuszko NP ( Sawpit Creek Education Centre), 36°20'49"S 148°33'54"E , D . R . Britton & A. D. Hegedus , 5 March 2008 . South Australia : AMS KS .76382, 1♂ , Cleland Conservation Park , 34°58'40"S 138°41'59"E , G. Milledge & H. Smith , 18 March 2002 . Tasmania : AMS KS .31412, 1♀ , Trevallyn , 41°27'S 147°10'E , V . V . Hickman , 1 December 1928 ; AMS KS .52166, 3♀♀ , Mount Nelson , 42°56'S 147°20'E , 15 September 1971 . Figure 14 . Stephanopis bicornis L. Koch, 1874 , female (AMS KS.70139). (A) dorsal habitus; (B) front; (C) epigynal plate, ventral view; (D) epigynal plate/spermathecae. Diagnosis . Both males and females of S. bicornis are similar to those of S. angulata , S. lata and S. monulfi in possessing a trapezoidal opisthosoma and having the triad of projections arranged in a dorsal row along the anterior patellae and tibiae (I and II) ( Figs 14A and 15A ). However, S. bicornis can be easily distinguished by the high and acute projections above the ALE ( Fig. 14B and 15B ). Females are also diagnosed by their slit-shaped CO located laterally at the edges of the epigynal plate, with its folds forming round entrances ( Fig. 14C ); males have a characteristic palp with a prolateral tuft of short serrated setae on the dorsal surface of the cymbium and a hook-shaped RTA with squared and discrete RTAvbr ( Fig. 15C and D ). Description . Female (AMS KS.70139): Anterior eye row strongly recurved and posterior row straight ( Fig. 14A and B ); prosoma and anterior legs predominantly dark-brown with some yellowish spots; femora I and II bear stout setiferous tubercles and femora III and IV are smooth and almost entirely yellow; tibiae I and II ventrally armed with four pairs of macrosetae. Opisthosoma trapezoid, covered by sparse claviate setae, with spinneret area projected backwards and anterior border slightly concave; dark-yellow on dorsum, darker on median posterior area ( Fig 14A ). Spermathecae stomach-shaped, preceded by glandular-heads directed laterally and oval wide anterior chambers ( Fig. 14D ). Figure 15 . Stephanopis bicornis L. Koch, 1874 , male (AMS KS.122205). (A) dorsal habitus; (B) front; (C) ventral view of the left palp; (D) left palp, retro lateral view. Measurements : eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PME 0.11, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.17, MOQ length 0.42, width 0.24; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I—femur 2.97/ patella 1.43/ tibia 2.15/ metatarsus 1.25/ tarsus 0.84/ total 8.64; II—2.55/ 1.26/ 1.81/ 1.07/ 0.80/ 7.49; III—1.75/ 0.76/ 1.09/ 0.69/ 0.47/ 4.76; IV—1.73/ 0.74/ 1.14/ 0.77/ 0.54/ 4,92. Total body length 5.93; prosoma length 2.56, width 2.37; opisthosoma length 3.37; clypeus height 0.26; sternum length 1.19, width 1.07; gnathocoxae length 0.69, width 0.38; labium length 0.37, width 0.52. Male (AMS KS. 122205 ): Eye arrangement as in female; prosoma reddish-brown with some darker spots; legs predominantly yellow, with some distal or proximal brown spots (except for leg II, which is mostly brown with just the tarsi and metatarsi yellow) ( Fig. 15A ). Opisthosoma darkyellow with small whitish spots and darker on the posterior slope, near the anal region. Embolus short and curved, and cymbium thick ( Fig. 15C and D ). Measurements : eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.19, PME 0.08, PLE 0.12, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.12, MOQ length 0.42, width 0.49; leg formula: 1-2-4-3: leg I—femur 2.69/ patella 1.29/ tibia 2.10/ metatarsus 1.24/ tarsus 0.67/ total 7.99; II—2.27/ 1.05/ 1.72/ 1.04/ 0.61/ 6.69; III—0.87/ 0.46/ 0.71/ 0.53/ 0.39/ 2.96; IV—1.19/ 0.47/ 0.78/0.59/ 0.41/ 3.44. Total body length 4.65; prosoma length 2.31, width 2.00; opisthosoma length 2.34; clypeus height 0.29; sternum length 0.88, width 0.81; gnathocoxae length 0.39, width 0.25; labium length 0.24, width 0.28. Distribution . Queensland , New South Wales , South Australia and Tasmania , Australia ( Fig. 24 ).