Redescriptions of six Japanese species of the genus Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with four new synonymies Author Tanaka, Hirotaka Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3 - 5 - 7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 - 8566, Japan. & The Kyushu University Museum, Hakozaki 6 - 10 - 1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812 - 8581 Japan. Author Kamitani, Satoshi 0000-0003-0870-5163 Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka, 819 - 0395 Japan. kamitani @ agr. kyushu-u. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0870 - 5163 kamitani@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp text Zootaxa 2021 2021-11-22 5071 1 51 75 journal article 3314 10.11646/zootaxa.5071.1.3 eddc86e0-1454-4b55-85ba-108dbfa056de 1175-5326 5723349 8ABB2F10-6E91-402F-A3BA-69156A33B77D Pulvinaria photiniae Kuwana, 1914 ( Fig. 11 ) [Japanese name: Ushikoroshi-wata-kaigaramushi] Pulvinaria photiniae Kuwana 1914: 6 ; Takahashi, 1956: 29 ; Kawai 1972: 17 ; Kawai 1980: 154 ; Ben-Dov 1993: 275 ; Choi & Lee 2017: 98 Eupulvinaria photiniae ( Kuwana, 1914 ) ; Borchsenius 1953: 288 Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): Pulvinaria / Photiniae / Kuw. / Pholinia / villosa / ウシコ¤ シ[Ushikoroshi: Pourthiaea villosa ] / = エノキ[Enoki: Celtis sinensis ] / Type / 5/1912, 1 adult female on a slide together with 1 paralectotype ; the lectotype is the individual on left ( OMNH ); Paralectotype (here designated) : same data as Lectotype ( OMNH ). Other material. JAPAN : Tokyo , Nerima-ku , Syakujii Park , on Viburnum dilatatum , 16.v.1972 , coll. S. Kawai , 2 adult females mounted on a slide (1 KTUA ); Chiba Prefecture , Matsudo-shi , Matsudo , on Celtis sinensis , 24.iv.2001 , coll. H. Tanaka , 8 adult females mounted singly (4 ELKU , 4 EUMJ ); Chiba Prefecture , Matsudo-shi, Matsudo, on Celtis sinensis , 1.v.2003 , coll. H. Tanaka , 3 adult females mounted singly (2 ELKU , 1 EUMJ ) . Redescription. Live appearance: Body of adult female elongate oval, usually moderately convex; dorsum dark brown with a yellow longitudinal stripe on midline and a considerable amount of powdery wax before oviposition; ovisac short, about 1–2 times as long as body; posterior part of body uplifted strongly by ovisac. Slide-mounted adult female (n=15). Note: The Lectotype specimen is not in good condition, so for some characters it was not possible to provide measurements. Body elongate oval, 4.0 (2.5–4.1) mm long, 3.5 (1.3–3.5) mm wide, stigmatic cleft discernible but shallow; anal cleft approximately 1/5–1/7 of body length. Dorsum . Derm membranous, dermal areolations well developed. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered throughout dorsum, each [not visible in Lectotype ] (5–10) µm long, with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores each oval to circular, [not visible in Lectotype ] (2–3) µm in diameter, barely sclerotised and often difficult to see and count, with (4–29) anterior to anal plates. Tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout, each one situated within an areolation ( Fig. 11 DA); tubular ducts significantly more numerous than microducts, ratio of numbers of tubular ducts to that of microducts about 2.3 (1.5–4.0): 1. Dorsal submarginal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 95–103 (95–150) µm long, 70–75 (50–97) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin and 4 apical setae. Ano-genital fold with [not visible in Lectotype ] (0–3) pairs of setae along anterior margin and (1 or 2) pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 (5 or 6, mostly 6) setae. Eyespots present in marginal area. Margin. Marginal setae each with a well-developed basal socket and usually apex simple pointed, rarely apex branched; each seta 25–65 (14–65) µm long, each side with [cannot be counted in Lectotype ] (10–20) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 3 (0–3, mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine 75 (29–92) µm long, approximately 2–4 times longer than a lateral spine. Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 6–8 (6–9) µm wide, with 7–9 (5–12, mostly 8 or 9) loculi, present around genital opening and on medial areas of preceding 4 or 5 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each meso- and metacoxa and occasionally lateral to each procoxa. Spiracular disc pores each 4–6 µm wide, mostly each with 5 loculi, present in bands 1–5 pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing [cannot be counted in Lectotype ] (22–56) pores, posterior bands each with [cannot be counted in Lectotype ] (27–70) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of 3 types : type I each with large outer ductule (about 2–5 µm wide and 6–14 µm long), a stout inner ductule (about 2–5 µm wide and 10–18 µm long) and a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial areas of all thoracic and anterior abdominal segments, also in inner submarginal areas of head, thoracic and anterior abdominal segments; type II tubular ducts each with a rather small outer ductule (1–4 µm wide and 6–14 µm long) ending in a shallow cup-shaped invagination leading to a narrower inner ductule (<1–2 µm wide and 10–20 µm long) with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring in medial areas of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal areas of head, thoracic and abdominal segments; type III ducts similar to type II, but each with a short, filamentous inner ductule (<1 µm wide and 1–5 µm long) and a minute terminal gland, present intermixed with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal areas of head, thorax and abdomen and in a broad submarginal band on head, thorax, and abdomen, forming an complete submarginal ring. Posteriormost 3 abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae present on medial areas. With 2 or 3 (2–5) pairs of long setae between antennae, 1 (0–2) pairs of long setae on area mesad of each procoxa and occasionally 0–1 pairs of long setae on medial areas of thoracic and anterior abdominal segments; other setae short and fine, distributed throughout venter. Spiracles normal for the genus; peritreme widths: anterior spiracle 50 (38–66) µm, posterior spiracle 60 (50–80) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 300–307 (275–350) µm long, hind tibia 205–208 (200–245) µm long, and hind tarsus 100–108 (96–110) µm long. Antennae each 8 (7–8, mostly 8) segmented, 382–393 (357–489) µm long. Labium 63 (55–106) µm long, 125 (91–140) µm wide. Host plants in Japan . Cannabaceae : Celtis sinensis ( Kawai 1972 , Kuwana 1914 , Takahashi 1956 ), Hydrangeaceae : Deutzia crenata ( Kawai 1972 , 1980 ), Rosaceae : Pourthiaea villosa ( Kawai 1972 , 1980 , Kuwana 1914 , as Photonia villosa ), and Viburnaceae : Viburnum dilatatum ( Kawai 1972 , 1980 ). Remarks. Pulvinaria photiniae is similar to P. kuwacola in having: (i) eyespots located in the marginal area of the dorsum, and (ii) ventral type III tubular ducts forming a complete submarginal ring. However, it differs from P. kuwacola as follows (character states of P. kuwacola in brackets): (i) multilocular pores mostly each with eight or nine loculi (mostly seven loculi in each pore), and (ii) dorsal tubular ducts more numerous than dorsal microducts (dorsal microducts more numerous than dorsal tubular ducts). Pulvinaria photiniae is also similar to P. nipponica in having (i) eyespots located in the marginal area of the dorsum, and (ii) ventral type III tubular ducts forming a complete submarginal ring. However, it differs from P. nipponica in having some preopercular pores ( P. nipponica lacks preopercular pores). The important diagnostic morphological character states for P. photiniae and a comparison with the type species of the genus, P. vitis , are summarised in Table 1 . Pulvinaria photiniae can be separated from other Pulvinaria species described in this study and P. vitis by the presence of dorsal tubular ducts, absence of dorsal submarginal tubercles, the condition of dermal areolation, location of eyespots, body shape and size, multilocular pore distribution, type III ventral tubular duct distribution, number of loculi in each multilocular pore, number of preopercular pores, and ratio of number of dorsal tubular ducts: number of dorsal microducts. FIGURE 11. Pulvinaria photiniae Kuwana, 1914 , adult female collected from Chiba prefecture, Japan in 2001. ANT, antenna; AP, anal plate; DA, dermal areolation; DMD, dorsal microduct; DS, dorsal seta; DTD, dorsal tubular duct; LG, leg; MP, multilocular pores; MS, marginal seta; POP, preopercular pores; SDP, spiracular disc pore; SSP, stigmatic spines; VMD, ventral microduct; VTD, ventral tubular ducts, types I to III. Scale bars: 200 μm for ANT and LG; 100 μm for AP and DA; 50 μm for MS and SSP; 10 μm for all other features. TABLE 1. Diagnostic morphological character states of six Pulvinaria species redescribed in this study and the type species of the genus, P. vitis . Morphological character states of P. vitis are from Hodgson’s (1994) redescription and illustration of the genotype.

Pulvinaria species	Dorsal tubular ducts	Dorsal submarginal tubercles	Dermal areolations	Location of eyespots	Body shape
P. aurantii	Present	Present	Well developed, in a polygonal pattern	Submarginal area	Mostly elongate oval
P. hazeae	Absent	Absent	Well developed	Not detected	Subcircular
P. idesiae	Absent	Absent	Well developed	Not detected	Subcircular
P. kuwacola	Present	Absent	Well developed	Body margin	Mostly elongate oval
P. nipponica	Present	Absent	Well developed	Body margin	Mostly elongate oval
P. photiniae	Present	Absent	Well developed	Body margin	Mostly elongate oval
P. vitis	Present	Present	Present	Body margin	Elongate oval

TABLE 1. (Continued)

Pulvinaria	Distribution of multilocu-	Type III ventral tubular	No. loculi /	Surface of preopercular	Number of	Ratio of no. tubular ducts:
species	lar pores	duct distribution	multiloc-ular pore	pores	preopercular pores	no. microducts on dorsum
P. aurantii	On abdominal segments and	Submarginal ring, nearly	Mostly 7	Flat, barely sclerotised,	4 to 54	Approx. 1.7: 1.
laterad to several coxae	complete but scarce /	often difficult to see	Tubular ducts noticeably
absent from head apex	more numerous
P. hazeae	On head, thoracic and	From anal cleft to area	Mostly 7 to 8	Flat, barely sclerotised,	46 to 141	–
abdominal segments and	posterior to anterior	often difficult to see
laterad to each coxa	spiracular disc pore bands
P. idesiae	On abdominal and occasion-	From anal cleft to area	Mostly 8	Flat, barely sclerotised,	9 to 56	–
ally thoracic segments, also	near each antenna	often difficult to see
laterad to several coxae
P. kuwacola	On abdominal segments and	Forming complete	Mostly 7	Flat, barely sclerotised,	3 to 54	0.05–0.67: 1.
laterad to several coxae	submarginal ring	often difficult to see	Microducts noticeably more
numerous
P. nipponica	On abdominal segments and	Forming complete	Mostly 7 to 8	[Preopercular pores	0	0.11–1.5: 1. Tubular ducts
laterad to several coxae	submarginal ring	absent]	usually more numerous
P. photiniae	On abdominal segments and	Forming complete	Mostly 8 to 9	Flat, barely sclerotised,	4 to 29	1.5–4.0: 1. Tubular ducts
laterad to several coxae	submarginal ring	often difficult to see	noticeably more numerous
P. vitis	On abdominal segments and	From anal cleft to near	Mostly 10	Flat to slightly convex,	7 to 170	–
laterad to several coxae	each antenna base	surfaces granular

The adult female morphology of P. photiniae redescribed here mostly agrees well with the redescription by Takahashi (1956) . However, the present description differs slightly from that of Takahashi (1956) as follows (character states of Takahashi’s redescription in parenthesis): (i) marginal setae between anterior stigmatic and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side numbering 10–20 (13–15); (ii) spiracular disc pores between each spiracle and stigmatic cleft numbering 22–70 in each band (approximately 40 in each band); (iii) preopercular pores numbering 4–29 (referred to as dorsal median pores, approximately 30–54); and (iv) marginal setae each 14–65 μm long (34–43 μm). These morphological discrepancies are probably due to intraspecific morphological variation or the quality of the microscopes used.