Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies Author Amaral, André P. 748F2AF6-F4B3-47D1-B148-16811B9E9B40 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. ap.amaral@outlook.com Author Mariano, Rodolfo 5173D6E4-A58A-44F2-BE3D-3BFD875595CF Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. rmlsilva@uesc.br Author Pinho, Luiz Carlos C9704CD1-918F-4376-ABB6-4DADDFB226FF Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, CEP 88040 - 901, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. luiz.pinho@ufsc.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-06-14 874 1 1 120 http://zoobank.org/62c858fa-a538-4e0f-b0a1-624e0062f931 journal article 54012 10.5852/ejt.2023.874.2135 a8087ba9-11c2-45e7-9b7e-1c28a2802456 2118-9773 8037742 62C858FA-A538-4E0F-B0A1-624E0062F931 Corethrella ( Corethrella ) carariensis Borkent, 2008 Fig. 14 ; Appendix 1 Material examined BRAZIL – Santa Catarina State • 1 ♀ , adult; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz , Plaza Caldas ; 27°44ʹ31ʺ S , 48°48ʹ27ʺ W ; 433 m a.s.l. ; 19 Oct. 2013 ; A. Ambrozio-Assis leg.; frog-call trap ( P. cuvieri ) 2ª3; CE-MHS • 1 ♂ , adult; Florianópolis , Fazenda Experimental Ressacada ; 27°41ʹ03ʺ S , 48°32ʹ37ʺ W ; 5 m a.s.l. ; 14 Aug. 2011 ; Fabris , Ganzer and Souza leg.; light trap ; CE-MHS . Description Male and female adults ( 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ) HEAD ( Fig. 14A ). Sensilla : Ocular row with 2 thick offset setae on ventral part, 8–14 setae extending shortly beyond vertex. Subocular row well-defined, with 9–14 slender setae; vertex without additional setae on female, about 7 setae on male. Postgenal row with 9–15 slender setae located on mid-posterior portion of head. With 1 thick ventromedial seta. THORAX ( Fig. 14B ). Sensilla : Antepronotum with 0–2 slender lateral setae. Postpronotum with 1 thick subdorsal and 2–3 slender posterior setae. Scutum, prescutal area with 2 thick and 1 intermediate setae vertically arranged near prescutal suture, and 2 intermediate and 2–3 slender setae more dorsally; group of 4–6 thick/intermediate and 2–4 slender setae anteriorly. Antealar area with group of 6–11 thick/ intermediate and 6 slender setae posteroventrally. Supraalar area with 2 thick setae, with 6 slender ones surrounding. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with group of 8–10 thick and 1–3 slender offset setae; about 17–24 thick/intermediate and 12–13 slender completing the row. Scutellum with 10 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum with 1 slender dorsal seta. Anepimeron bare. Fig. 14. Corethrella carariensis Borkent, 2008 , adult. A . Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B . Thoracic setae, lateral view. C . Hind leg empodium, lateral view. WING. Male R 3 /R 1 : 0.69; R 2+3 /R 2 : 0.38. Female R 3 /R 1 : 0.71; R 2+3 /R 2 : 0.34. LEGS. Empodium ( Fig. 14C ) short, slender, with 1 branch. Male Ta1/Ta2: 2.68; Ta3/Ta4: 1.50. Female Ta1/Ta2: 2.43; Ta3/Ta4: 1.45. Distribution and biology This species has previously been recorded from Santa Catarina by Ambrozio-Assis et al. (2018) . The examined specimens were captured via frog-call trap ( Physalaemus cuvieri ) and light trap in the Atlantic forest of Santa Catarina at altitudes ranging from 5 to 433 m a.s.l. It is otherwise known from Costa Rica , at elevations ranging from 0 to 100 m a.s.l. ( Borkent 2008 ). Remarks The male and female specimens presented a significant difference in relation to cranial setae, with males discretely more setose. Borkent (2008) discussed the difficulty in associating male and female specimens of Corethrella carariensis due to great variation in pigmentation, and suggested that there may be cryptic species under the same name. Corethrella carariensis is a very distinctive species in the peruviana group, with unique diagnostic features, such as legs without scales and the setae on male genitalia. We thus consider both specimens as C. carariensis , though further studies may reveal more than one species.