The genera Butheolus Simon, 1882 and Xenobuthus gen. nov. (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman Author Lowe, Graeme text Euscorpius 2018 2018-12-31 261 1 73 https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss261.1 journal article 152804 10.18590/euscorpius.2018.vol2018.iss261.1 46c20b18-c0d5-46f5-8894-fd8c5df4055e 1536-9307 7118814 BDB28370-E60B-49B0-A2DA-F30D6E89D6D0 Butheolus thalassinus Simon, 1882 ( Figs. 151–156 , 163–178 , 338 , Tab. 6 ) Butheolus thalassinus Simon, 1882: 248–249 , pl. VIII, fig. 20; Butheolus thalassinus : Simon, 1889 : Simon, 1890: 122 ; Kraepelin, 1891: 75 ; Kraepelin, 1895: 5 ; Pocock, 1895: 295 , 316; Laurie, 1896: 122 ; Kraepelin, 1899: 37 ; Kraepelin, 1903: 565 ; Birula, 1910: 171 ; Borelli, 1915: 461–462 ; Birula, 1917a: 215 , 230; Birula, 1937: 101 ; Kästner, 1941: 231 ; Vachon, 1966: 210 ; Stahnke, 1972: 129 ; Sissom, 1994: 7–8 , figs. 9–13; Kovařík, 1998b: 105 ; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 89 ; Kovařík, 2004: 4 , 25; Fet, Soleglad & Lowe, 2005: 2 ; Lourenço, 2005: 27 , fig. 33; Hendrixson, 2006: 56 , 61; Acosta et al., 2008: 493 ; El-Hennawy, 2009: 121 ; El-Hennawy, 2014: 45 ; Kovařík & Lowe, 2012: 1–2 , 4, 18–23, figs. 7–8, 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 99, 104; Lowe et al., 2014: 117 .

Meristic count		Butheolus gallagheri Vachon, 1980 ♂ ♀		Butheolus harrisoni sp. n. ♂ ♀		Xenobuthus gen. n. xanthus sp. n. ♂ ♀
Pectine teeth		17–21 (26) 18.62 ± 0.90	14–17 (29) 15.28 ± 0.75	17–21 (67) 18.75 ± 0.96	14–17 (60) 15.98 ± 0.77	18–21 (8) 1 9.63 ± 1.06	18–20 (10) 19.50 ± 0.85
Pedipalp chela movable finger	denticle subrows	5–7 (24) 6.04 ± 0.36	6–7 (28) 6.29 ± 0.46	5–8 (50) 6.86 ± 0.45	6–8 (53) 6.85 ± 0.53	9 (4) 9.0 0 ± 0.00	8–10 (10) 9.20 ± 0.63
	external accessory denticles	5–7 (24) 5.83 ± 0.48	5–6 (24) 5.71 ± 0.46	4–7 (48) 6.40 ± 0.71	5–8 (49) 6.51 ± 0.62	7–9 (4) 8.00 ± 0.82	8–9 (10) 8.70 ± 0.48
	internal accessory denticles	5–6 (20) 5.70 ± 0.47	6–7 (24) 6.13 ± 0.34	5–8 (48) 7.00 ± 0.46	6–8 (49) 7.02 ± 0.38	6–9 (4) 7.75 ± 1.26	8–9 (10) 8.80 ± 0.42
	primary denticles	31–39 (22) 34.41 ± 2.09	33–39 (26) 35.92 ± 1.72	29–42 (50) 35.68 ± 2.87	29–42 (52) 35.83 ± 2.90	43–51 (4) 4 7.25 ± 3.86	45–55 (10) 50.30 ± 3.43
Pedipalp chela fixed finger	denticle subrows	5–7 (20) 6.20 ± 0.52	5–7 (27) 6.11 ± 0.51	5–7 (50) 6.44 ± 0.54	6–7 (54) 6.37 ± 0.49	5–8 (4) 7.25 ± 1.50	8–9 (10) 8.60 ± 0.52
	external accessory denticles	4–5 (20) 4.60 ± 0.50	4–5 (23) 4.61 ± 0.50	4–7 (48) 5.69 ± 0.59	5–7 (50) 5.72 ± 0.61	3–8 (4) 6.25 ± 2.22	7–9 (10) 7.90 ± 0.57
	internal accessory denticles	5–6 (20) 5.10 ± 0.31	4–6 (23) 5.04 ± 0.37	5–7 (48) 6.08 ± 0.45	5–7 (50) 6.12 ± 0.44	4–8 (4) 6.50 ± 1.73	8 (10) 8.00 ± 0.0 0
	primary denticles	29–39 (22) 32.64 ± 2.32	28–36 (25) 32.68 ± 2.30	28–36 (50) 33.06 ± 2.03	28–39 (54) 32.57 ± 2.50	31–52 (4) 4 1.50 ± 8.66	42–53 (10) 47.60 ± 3.92
Basitarsus I setae		4–5 (18) 4.56 ± 0.51	4–6 (24) 5.08 ± 0.41	4–8 (46) 5.67 ± 0.84	5–7 (46) 5.89 ± 0.53	7 (2) 7.0 0 ± 0.00	7–8 (4) 7.50 ± 0.58
Basitarsus II setae		4–6 (19) 5.11 ± 0.46	5–7 (23) 5.48 ± 0.59	5–8 (45) 6.29 ± 0.76	5–8 (47) 6.66 ± 0.73	9–10 (2) 9.50 ± 0.71	9–12 (4) 1 0.25 ± 1.26
Basitarsus III setae		4–7 (18) 5.78 ± 0.65	5–8 (24) 6.38 ± 0.71	6–10 (45) 7.47 ± 0.92	6–10 (47) 7.85 ± 0.86	12 (2) 12.00 ± 0.00	10–14 (4) 1 2.00 ± 1.83

Table 3: Summary statistics showing variation of meristic counts from Butheolus gallagheri Vachon, 1980 , B . harrisoni sp. n. and Xenobuthus gen. n. xanthus sp. n. Numbers in each table cell are: range = minimum – maximum (N = sample size), mean ± SD. Pedipalp finger denticle subrows and accessory denticle counts exclude the most distal denticle group that includes the enlarged terminal tooth and sub-terminal denticles. A subrow is defined as having 2 or more small primary denticles. Primary denticle counts include small denticles in subrows, but exclude the enlarged denticle at the proximal end of each subrow (when present). Basitarsus setal counts represent the retrosuperior series of long macrosetae (“bristle-combs”) on legs I–III. Sample size N represents total number of appendages (including left and right appendages, so N is approximately twice the number of individuals). Butheolus ( Butheolus ) thalassinus : Vachon, 1980: 255 ; El-Hennawy, 1992: 101 , 114. TYPE MATERIAL . Syntypes , Yemen , Aden , MCSN (not examined) . MATERIAL EXAMINED . Yemen : 2 ♀ , Shaik Ottiman , 9.II.1895 ( BMNH ) ; 1 ♂ Ta'izz , 3800 ft a.s.l. , 1 0. I.1951 , leg. H. Hoogstraal , under rock on Euphorbia Aloe Hill ( WDS ). DIAGNOSIS. A member of the genus Butheolus differentiated as follows: base color deep chocolate brown, with all metasomal segments and telson dark; pedipalps and legs yellow or brownish-yellow; carapace and tergites coarsely granulated; pedipalp patella with dorsomedian carina complete; pedipalp chela with strong dorsal secondary and external secondary carinae, moderate to strong dorsal marginal, digital, external, ventroexternal and ventrointernal carinae; ventral surface between ventromedian carinae of metasoma I with dense coarse and fine granulation; ventral and lateral intercarinal surfaces of metasoma II–V with moderately coarse granulation; metasoma and telson with sparse, short macrosetae; telson with large, broad subaculear tubercle, acute angle between posterior vesicle surface and aculeus base; pedipalp and metasoma stout; pedipalp femur L/W ♂ 2.42; pedipalp patella L/W ♂ 2.25; pedipalp chela L/W ♂ 4.08; metasoma I L/W ♂ 0.75; metasoma IV L/D ♂ 1.24, metasoma V L/D ♂ 1.68, telson L/D ♂ 2.01; pectine teeth ♂ 17–18, ♀ 14–16.